Canciones, sexismo y violencia de géneroun análisis crítico del discurso con perspectiva feminista
ISSN: 1133-682X
Year of publication: 2021
Issue: 29
Pages: 280-304
Type: Article
More publications in: Pragmalinguistica
Abstract
Songs offer interest-ing text materials to be studied from a feminist point of view. Although concerned with fictional or imaginary worlds, the ideologies that underlie songs can contribute to the naturalization of inequality, discrimination, harmful relations between men and women, and ultimately gender violence. This article presents a feminist critical discourse analysis (FCDA) of two songs, ‘El preso nº9’ and ‘Toda’ (Malú), with the aim of unveiling gender ideologies, in particular those that may support sexism and gender violence. The analysis carried out shows that these ideologies seem to be enacted in the songs studied through linguistic choices linked to evaluative lexis, semantic contrasts, transitivity, conceptual metaphors etc.
Bibliographic References
- ALLPORT, G. W. (1954): The nature of prejudice, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- AGUILAR CARRASCO, P. (2010): “El cine una mirada cómplice en la violencia contra las mujeres”, De la Concha, A. (ed.): El sustrato cultural de la violencia de género: Literatura, arte, cine y videojuegos, Madrid: Síntesis, pp. 245-276
- AZPIAZU CARBALLO, J. (2014): “Análisis crítico del discurso con perspectiva feminista”, Mendia Azkue, M., Luxán, M., Legarreta, G., Guzmán, I., Zirion, J. Azpiazu Carballo, J. (eds.): Otras formas de (re)conocer: Reflexiones, herramientas y aplicaciones desde la investigación feminista, Donostia- San Sebastián: Hegoa. Disponible en http://publicaciones.hegoa.ehu.es/publications/329
- BOURDIEU, P. (1999): Razones prácticas. Sobre la teoría de la acción, Barcelona: Anagrama.
- BOURDIEU, P. (2000): La dominación masculina, Barcelona: Anagrama.
- BENGOECHEA, M. (2010): “‘Si las miradas matasen…’: La perturbadora mirada del deseo en la poesía romántica, De la Concha, A. (coor.): El sustrato cultural de la violencia de género: Literatura, arte, cine y videojuegos, Madrid: Síntesis, pp. 71−117.
- BENGOECHEA M., y MORALES M. (2000): “Mosaicos y taraceas”, Bengoechea, M y Morales (eds.): Mosaicos y taraceas: Deconstrucción feminista de los discursos del género, Madrid: Nuevo Siglo, pp. 11−19.
- BENOKRAITIS, N.V. y FEAGIN, J.R. (1986): Modern sexism, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- BENOKRAITIS, N.V. y FEAGIN, J. R. (1995): Modern sexism (2nd ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- BENÍTEZ-CASTRO, M.A. y HIDALGO-TENORIO, E. (2018): “‘We were treated very badly, treated like slaves’: A critical metaphor analysis of the accounts of the Magdalene Laundries victims”. Villar-Argáiz, P. (ed.): Irishness on the Margins, Cham (Switzerland): Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 101-127.
- BURT, M. R. (1980): “Cultural myths and supports for rape”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), pp. 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.217
- BURTON, D. (1982): “Through glass darkly: Through dark glasses: On stylistics and political commitment –Via a study of a passage from Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar”, Weber, J.J. (ed.) (1996), The stylistics reader: From Roman Jakobson to the present, London: Arnold, pp. 224−240.
- CEREZO MORENO, M. (2010): “El canon literario sus efectos sobre la construcción cultural de la violencia de género: los casos de Chaucer y Shakespeare”, De la Concha (Coor.): El sustrato cultural de la violencia de género: Literatura, arte, cine y videojuegos. Madrid: Síntesis, pp. 19-45.
- CHARTERIS-BLACK, J. (2004): Corpus approaches to critical metaphor analysis, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- CHARTERIS-BLACK, J. (2006): “Britain as a container: Immigration metaphors in the 2005 election campaign”, Discourse and Society, 17(5), pp. 563–581.
- CLARK, K. (1992): “The Linguistics of blame: Representations of women in The Sun’s reporting of crimes of sexual violence”, Toolan, M. (ed.), Language, text and context. London: Routledge, pp. 208−224.
- DE LA CONCHA, A. (2010) (Coor.): El sustrato cultural de la violencia de género, Madrid: Síntesis.
- FAIRCLOUGH, N. (1989): Language and power, London: Longman.
- FAIRCLOUGH, N. (1995): Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language, London: Longman.
- FAIRCLOUGH, N. (2003): Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research, Routledge: London.
- FAIRCLOUGH, N. (2018): “CDA as dialectical reasoning”, Flowerdew, J. y Richardson J. (eds.): The Routledge handbook of critical discourse studies (Routledge handbooks in applied linguistics), London: Routledge, pp. 45-62.
- FAIRCLOUGH, N. y WODAK, R. (1997): “Critical discourse analysis”, van Dijk, T. A. (ed.), Discourse as social interaction, London: Sage, pp. 258-285.
- FOWLER, R., HODGE, R., KRESS, G. y TREW, T. (1979): Language and control, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- FOWLER, R. (1991): “Critical linguistics”, Malmkjaer, K. (ed.): The linguistics encyclopedia, London: Routledge, pp. 89-93.
- FOWLER, R. (1996): “On Critical linguistics”. Caldas-Coulthard, C.R. y Coulthard, M. (eds.): Texts and practices: Readings in critical discourse analysis, London: Routledge, pp. 3-15.
- FLOWERDEW, J. y RICHARDSON, J. (eds.) (2018): The Routledge handbook of critical discourse studies (Routledge handbooks in applied linguistics), London: Routledge.
- GIBBS, R. (1994): The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language and understanding, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- GLICK, P., FISKE, S. T. (1997): “Hostile and benevolent sexism: Measuring ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women”, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, pp. 119–135. DOI:10.1111/j.1471-6402. 1997.tb00104.
- GLICK, PETER, FISKE, SUSAN T. (2011): “Ambivalent sexism revisited”, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(3), pp. 530-535. DOI: 10.1177/0361684311414832
- GOATLY, A. (2007): Washing the brain: Metaphor and hidden ideology, Amsterdam: John Benjamin.
- GOATLY, A. (2008): Explorations in stylistics, London: Equinox Publishing.
- HIDALGO-TENORIO, E., BENÍTEZ CASTRO, M.A y DE CESARE, F. (2019): Populist Discourse: Critical Approaches to Contemporary Politics. London: Routledge.
- JEFFRIES, L. (2010): Critical stylistics, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- KÖVECSES, Z. (2002): Metaphor: A practical introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- KÖVECSES, Z. (2003): Metaphor and emotion: Language, Culture and Body in Human Feeling, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- KRESS G. y HODGE, R. (1979): Language as ideology, London: Routledge.
- LAKOFF, G. y JOHNSON, M. (1980): Metaphors we live by, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- LAKOFF, G. y JOHNSON, M. (1987): “The metaphorical logic of rape”, Metaphor and symbolic activity, 2 (1), pp. 73-79.
- LAKOFF, G. (1987): Women, fire and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
- LAMEIRAS FERNÁNDEZ, M. (2002): “El sexismo y sus dos caras: De la hostilidad a la ambivalencia”, Anuario de Sexología, 8: pp. 91-102
- LLEDÓ CUNILL, E. (2000): “Crónica de un equívoco: la sesgada construcción de una identidad femenina a través de las noticias sobre maltratos”. Bengoechea, M. y Morales, M. (eds.): Mosaicos y taraceas: Deconstrucción feminista de los discursos del género, Madrid: Nuevo Siglo, pp. 145-161.
- LÓPEZ MAESTRE, M. D. (2009): “Immigration and conceptual metaphors: A critical approach to ideological representation”, Gómez Morón, R., Padilla Cruz, M., Fernández Amaya, L., Hernández López, M.O. (eds.): Pragmatics applied to language teaching and learning, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp.60-87.
- LÓPEZ MAESTRE, M. D. (2013): “Narrative and ideologies of violence against women: The legend of the Black Lagoon”, Language and Literature, 22(4), pp. 299-313.
- LÓPEZ MAESTRE, M. D. (2015): “‘Man the hunter’: A critical reading of hunt-based conceptual metaphors of love and sexual desire”, Journal of Literary Semantics, 44(2), pp. 89–113.
- LÓPEZ MAESTRE, MARÍA D. (2019): “Estudio de las metáforas bélicas para conceptualizar el embellecimiento desde la perspectiva de género: las guerras por la belleza”, Cultura, lenguaje y representación / Culture, Language and Representation. (Revista de Estudios Culturales de la Universitat Jaume I / Cultural Studies Journal of Universitat Jaume I.), XXI, pp. 71–91. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/clr.2019.21
- LÓPEZ MAESTRE, MARÍA D. (2020): “Gender, ideology and conceptual Metaphors: Women and the Source Domain of the Hunt”, Complutense Journal of English Studies, 28, pp. 203-218. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/cjes.68355
- LÓPEZ MUÑOZ, E. (2010): “Sexismo, violencia y juegos electrónicos”. De la Concha, A. (Coor.): El sustrato cultural de la violencia de género: Literatura, arte, cine y videojuegos, Madrid: Síntesis, pp. 277-321.
- LAZAR, M. M. (Ed.) (2005): Feminist critical discourse analysis, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- LAZAR, M. M. (2007): “Feminist critical discourse analysis: Articulating a feminist discourse praxis”, Critical Discourse Studies, 4(2), pp. 14-164.
- LAZAR, M. M. (2017):” Feminist critical discourse analysis: Relevance for current gender and language research”. Ehrlich, S., Meyerhoff, M. y Holmes, J. (eds.): The handbook of language, gender, and sexuality, Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 180-201.
- LORENTE, M. (2001): Mi marido me pega lo normal. Agresión a la mujer, realidades y mitos, Barcelona: Ares y Mares.
- MARTÍNEZ C., PATERNA, C., ROUX, P., & FALOMIR J.M. (2010): “Predicting gender awareness: the relevance of neo-sexism”, Journal of Gender Studies, 19(1), pp. 1−12.
- MIGUEL, ANA DE (2003): “El movimiento feminista y la construcción de marcos de interpretación: el caso de la violencia contra ks mujeres”, Revista Internacional de Sociología, 35, pp. 127-150.
- MILLS, S. (1993): “Close encounters of a feminist kind: Transitivity and pop lyrics”, Wales, K. (ed.): Feminist linguistics in literary criticism, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, pp. 137−156.
- MILLS, S. (1995): Feminist stylistics, London: Routledge.
- MILLS, S. (2008): Language and sexism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- MILLS, S. y MULLANY, L. (2011): Language, gender and feminism: Theory, methodology and practice, London: Routledge.
- MILLS, S. (2012): Gender matters: Feminist linguistic analysis, London: Equinox
- O’HARA, S. (2012): “Monsters, Playboys, Virgins and Whores: Rape Myths in the News Media’s Coverage of Sexual Violence”, Language and Literature, 21(3), pp. 247−259
- ROJAS, L. (1995): Las semillas de la violencia, Madrid: Espasa Calpe.
- RICH, ADRIENNE [1994 (1973)]: Driving into the Wreck: Poems 1971-1972, Nueva York: W. W. Norton & Company.
- ROTHMAN, E.F., BECKMEYER, J.J., HERBENICK, D. et. Al. (2021): “The prevalence of using pornography for information about how to have sex: Findings from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adolescents and young adults”, Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50, pp. 629–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01877-7
- RUIZ REPULLO, C. (2016): Voces tras los datos: Una mirada cualitativa a la violencia de género en adolescentes, Sevilla: Instituto andaluz de la mujer.
- SERRANO DE HARO, A. (2010): “La herida femenina: representaciones de la mujer en la historia de la pintura” De la Concha, A. (Coor.): El sustrato cultural de la violencia de género: Literatura, arte, cine y videojuegos, Madrid: Síntesis, pp. 173-197.
- SIMPSON P. (1993): Language, ideology and point of View, London: Routledge.
- SIMPSON P. (2004): Stylistics: A resource book for students, London: Routledge.
- SWIM, J.K., AIKIN, K.J., HALL, W.S., y HUNTER, B.A. (1995): “Sexism and racism: Old-fashioned and modern prejudices”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68(2), pp. 199-214. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.68.2.199
- SWIM, J.K. y COHEN L.L. (1997): “Overt, covert, and subtle sexism. A comparison between the attitudes toward women and modern sexism scales”, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21 (1), PP. 103–118.
- SWIM, J.K. y CAMPBELL, B. (2001): “Sexism: attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours”, Brown, R. y S. Gaertner, S. (eds.), The handbook of social psychology: Intergroup relations, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 218–237.
- TOOLAN, M. (ed) (1992): Language, text and context: Essays in stylistics, London: Routledge.
- TOOLAN, M. (2001 2nd edition): Narrative: A critical linguistic introduction, London: Routledge.
- TOUGAS, F., BROWN, R., BEATON, A.M. y JOLY, S. (1995): “Neosexism: plus c¸a change, plus c’est pareil”, Personality and social psychology bulletin, 21(3), pp. 842–849.
- VALLEJO RUBINSTEIN, C. (2005): Representación de la violencia contra las mujeres en la prensa española (El País/ El Mundo) desde una perspectiva crítica de género. Un análisis crítico del discurso androcéntrico de los medios. Trabajo de Investigación: Departamento de Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual. Programa de Doctorado de Comunicación Social Bienio 2000-2002. Universidad Pompeu Fabra. Disponible en: http://www.dissoc.org/recursos/tesis/Tesis_Vallejo.pdf
- VAN DIJK, T. A (1991): ‘Editorial: discourse analysis with a cause’, The Semiotic Review of Books, 2 (1), pp.1-2.
- VAN DIJK, T. A. (1993): “Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis”, Discourse and Society, 4, pp. 249-283.
- VAN DIJK, T. A. (1994): “Editorial: Discourse analysis as social analysis”, Discourse and society, 5 (2), pp. 163-4.
- VAN DIJK, T. A. (2016): “Análisis crítico del discurso”, Revista austral de Ciencias Sociales, 30, pp. 203-222.
- VAN DIJK, T. A. (2018): “Socio-cognitive discourse studies”, Flowerdew, J. y Richardson, J.E. (eds.): The Routledge handbook of critical discourse studies (Routledge handbooks in applied linguistics), London: Routledge, pp. 63-86.
- WAREIGN, S. (1993): “And then he kissed her: The reclamation of female characters to submissive roles in contemporary fiction”, Wales, K. (ed.): Feminist linguistics in literary criticism, Cambridge: DS Brewer, pp. 117−136.
- WODAK, R. y CHILTON P. (eds.) (2007): A new agenda in (critical) discourse analysis, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- WODAK, R. y MEYER, M. (eds.) (2016a): Methods of critical discourse analysis (3rd ed), London: Sage.
- WODAK, R. y MEYER, M. (2016b): “Methods of critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology”, Wodak , R. y Meyer, M. (eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis, London: Sage, pp. 1–23.
- WEISS, G., y WODAK, R. (2003): Critical discourse analysis, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- VETTERLING-BRAGGIN, M. (ed.) (1981): Sexist language: A modern philosophical analysis, Totowa, NJ: Littlefield Adams.