Tecnología lítica, análisis tecnométrico y método experimental. Producciones laminares durante la prehistoria recienteel yacimiento de Puentes, cuenca de Lorca (Murcia)

Abstract

The work of technological research involves an opening to sociological phenomena associated with new forms of interaction within societies and between groups. Its objective is to obtain technical parameters and concrete stigmas that characterize and individualize the techniques of size and that reveal the phenomena capable of creating the techno-cultural identity of a territory, as well as the interaction between groups and the spatial distribution. The object of this study is the recognition of technical tradition present in the Chalcolithic site of Puentes (Lorca, Murcia), through the elements associated with blade production, resulting only from a technical imperative that constitute the image of a specific knowledge To this end, a methodological corpus has been created divided into three main sections: 1. The identification of the raw material used and its management from the moment of its acquisition. 2. The detection of a technical knowledge from the identification of each element documented in an chaîne opératoire. 3. The chronology of these productions as well as the modalities of circulation. The knowledge of the blade production in the Recent European Prehistory has undergone an epistemological renovation during the last decades from the use of the tecnometric analysis and the development of experimental programs, which have allowed to know, identify and systematize the different technical parameters and stigmas associated with each technique. In this way, the consultation of experimental collections becomes a fundamental tool for the establishment of empirical, referenced and well-documented hypotheses of the technique or the variability of techniques present in an archaeological remains. In this study we have analyzed the modalities that comprise the realization of a successive series of technical actions and that define a technical knowledge based on the experimental referent, which has allowed to establish and evaluate the role played by each element within the chaîne opératoire based on certain technical, measurable and quantifiable attributes, capable of identifying the differential diagnosis between size techniques. The results obtained in this work have revealed the characteristics of the chaîne opératoire developed in the site of bridges for the removal of blades with lengths between 140 and 80 mm and the use pressure blade debitage. The butts documented in the cores in phase of plein debitage and in the proximal ends of the blades, show a preferential tendency for the preparation of dihedral butts and laminar effects with parallel arris, rectilinear profile and a distal curvature. On the other hand, the evidence of a transmission of technical knowledge in Puentes is represented by the distinction between degrees of savoir faire in the archaeological material, which reflect a stage of training necessary to perpetuate knowledge. The data obtained in this study inclines us to think of Puentes as a habitat of domestic scope, in which subsistence activities such as agriculture and livestock are developed, which would be complemented with the production of flint blades in a standardized manner during the Ancient Chalcolithic or beginnings of the Middle Chalcolithic, and would develop during the first half of the third millennium B.C. to fade with the arrival of the Bell Beaker culture in the middle of the III millennium B.C.