Estudio de la divergencia cultural sobre la percepción del dolor de parto en mujeres nicaragüenses y ecuatorianas

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction. The increasing number of mothers trying to take control over labor pain is notable. Sanitary services are in charge of supplying appropriate conditions to manage it. Birth satisfaction and labor pain control scar women experiences. According to MINSA and MSP, out of control birth taxes in Ecuador and Nicaragua are the highest in Latino-America. A nonexistent control over birth produces high taxes of mothers death and numerous births in the countryside environment. Aim. Analyze, value and compare experiences among Nicaraguan and Ecuadorian expectant women in front of labor pain. Method. Using qualitative methodology focus on Ethnography and Phenomenology through Diversity and Universality of cultural cares by Madeleine Leininger. Used tools: documentary analysis, casual conversation and individual interview. Eleven Ecuadorian and eleven Nicaraguan women accomplish inclusion criterion. Sample was obtained from deliberate sampling and snow ball sampling. Information was recorded, transcribed and analyzed with Atlas-Ti 7. Categorizing process was applied using categories and subcategories raised from the conversation analysis. Results. The participants have described differences in labor pain perception depending on their nationalities. There are different ways of caring before and after the birth. Prominent factors in the labor pain perception are: culture, traditional practice, labor pain meaning, birth feeling, expectant mothers previous experience, environment and family context. A different culture conception attempt to facilitate the understanding and the application afterwards at the hospital environment in order to understand birth practice as a cultural care. Conclusions. Perception of labor pain is influenced by the meaning of contractions pain during the expulsion stage and expectant mothers feeling have a relevant importance in practice and birth understanding. Nursing interventions through increasing sensitivity and direct relationship with patients and their care, reflects the necessity of understand the perception of the labor pain from a cultural point of view.