Técnicas de autoconocimiento y autocontrol aplicadas en educación física para un mayor bienestar físico y mental en edades tempranas

Abstract

The techniques of self-knowledge and self-control are currently considered didactic resources that can be incorporated into the didactic methodology, providing a wide variety of benefits at the physical and mental level in school-age children. The aim of this study was to analyse the scientific evidence on the physical-physiological, psychological and emotional projection of self-knowledge and self-control techniques in infant and primary schoolchildren, as well as to examine the influence of these techniques on their psychoemotional development, on the relationship with others and with the learning environment. The documentary search was carried out in different databases such as Scopus, Proquest, ScienceDirect, Psycoinfo, Journals related to Educational Sciences and Psychology. After the systematic review of 53 articles and academic documents directly related to the objective of the article, 19 articles evidenced the benefits and didactic application of the programs based on the techniques of self-knowledge and self-control, being the most applied techniques in the classes of Physical Education, the full attention and the yoga exercises. The main findings show a clear indication of effectiveness and significant improvements in emotional, psychosocial and personal development. Other variables related to emotional states such as depression, anxiety or stress were only improved in those cases with low levels of evidence this type of emotional states measured quantitatively through questionnaires