Los memoriales contemporáneos en perspectiva comparadasignificación histórico-política, estética y pedagógica

Abstract

This work studies the spaces dedicated to the memory of victims, the result of different contemporary conflicts: dictatorships, wars and terrorism in its different formats, such as museums, memorials and other places of conscience. In it, the most frequently used aesthetic languages are fixed to work death, pain and tragedy, the formal and structural characteristics of memorial constructions when musealizing history and memory and restoring the dignity of victims, models of construction of individual and collective historical memory, the type of actors participating in this commemorative process, the pedagogical discourses and the design of programs and actions that complete the task for the public recognition of the victims and creation of a democratic memory. Through the study of some examples of foreign memorial processes in perspective compared to the Spanish case, we will try to find out the symbolic space they represent and their responsibilities towards citizens, showing the social consideration they have, and what place victims occupy in Spain through the analysis of the presence or absence of his memory in the public space, reviewing some examples of patrimonialisation and museum spaces of each Autonomous Community. We will also reflect on the different approaches, relationships and contradictions, and therefore verifying the degree of social exclusion of some groups of victims. Through a review of the historical background, the current legislation and the frameworks and agents that regulate and manage the memory, we will investigated which are the most common instruments for commemoration, as well as the design of pedagogical programs undertaken from different social perspectives and policies to avoid confronted or selective memories, as well as the consequences generated by the new flows of tourism around the memorials and places of conscience. In short, with this research that prioritizes the presence and visibility of victims in the urban space, and that wonders about the meanings, conflicts and current challenges facing the memorials, we intend to contribute to the formulation of a suitable Pedagogical foundation of Memory and History that contributes to the consolidation of a democratic identity.