Medium- and Long-Term Immune Responses in the Small Intestine in Piglets from Oral Vaccination against Escherichia coli

  1. Miralles, Aida 12
  2. Ramis, Guillermo 34
  3. Pallarés, Francisco J. 5
  4. Párraga-Ros, Ester 1
  5. Seva, Juan 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
  2. 2 CEFU, S.A., 30840 Alhama de Murcia, Spain
  3. 3 Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
  4. 4 Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
  5. 5 Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Revista:
Animals

ISSN: 2076-2615

Año de publicación: 2024

Volumen: 14

Número: 19

Páginas: 2779

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3390/ANI14192779 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Animals

Resumen

Post-weaning stress, together with Escherichia coli, are two of the key factors in the occurrence of post-weaning diarrhea. There are different commercial vaccines that induce immunity at thelocal or systemic level, improving farm health and avoiding economic losses in the pork industry.That is why the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an oral enterotoxigenic E. coliF4/F18 vaccine on immunity and intestinal integrity in the middle and long term after inoculation.The gene expression of the biomarkers indicative of cellular infiltration (calprotectin, CAL), tightjunction proteins (occludin, OCL; zonulin, ZON; and claudin, CLA) and a panel of proinflammatory(interleukins, IL: IL1α, IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL12p35 and IL12p40; interferons, IFN: IFNα and IFNγ; andtumoral necrosis factor, TNF: TNFα) and anti-inflammatory mediator cytokines (TGFβ and IL10)were analyzed, as well as histomorphology in jejunum and ileum, the cell density of goblet cells,intraepithelial lymphocytes and IgA-producing cells. Differences were observed in ZON, CLA andCAL, with greater gene expression in observed in vaccinated piglets at 42 days post vaccination(dpv) in the ileum. Regarding the expression of cytokines, the vaccinated animals showed significantdifferences in IL1α, IL6, IL12p35, IL12p40, IFNα, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ at 42 dpv in the jejunum orileum. The villi showed greater height in the vaccinated piglets and the ratio between villus heightand crypt depth was significantly greater in the vaccinated group in the jejunum at 84 dpv. Thecount of IgA-producing cells shows higher values for the unvaccinated group in the ileum, whileintraepithelial lymphocytes show a significant increase in both jejunum and ileum in vaccinatedpiglets. We can conclude that oral vaccination against E. coli produces an evident effect, whichmanifests itself even in the middle and long term after the challenge, including immune response,decrease in antimicrobials usage, better histological structure in intestine and the improvementof performance

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