Effectiveness of internet-delivered psychological treatments for children and adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorderssystematic review and network meta-analysis

Referencias bibliográficas

• Andersson, G., & Cuijpers, P (2009). Internet-based and other computerized psychological treatments for adult depression: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38(4), 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070903318960
• Arnberg, F. K., Linton, S. J., Hultcrantz, M., Heintz, E., & Jonsson, U. (2014). Internet- delivered psychological treatments for mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review of their efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. PloS one, 9(5). https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098118
• Baartmans, J. M. D., van Steensel, F. J. A., Klein, A. M., & &Bogels, S. M (2022). The role of comorbid mood disorders in cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(5), 983–991. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10608-022-10312-1 Briere, J., Kaltman, S., & Green, B. L. (2008). Accumulated childhood trauma and symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(2), 223–226. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/jts.20317
• Brigden, A., Anderson, E., Linney, C., Morris, R., Parslow, R., Serafimova, T., et al. (2020). Digital behavior changeinterventions for younger children with chronic health conditions: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e16924. https://doi.org/10.2196/16924
• Buhrman, M., Gordh, T., & Andersson, G. (2016). Internet interventions for chronic pain including headache: A systematic review. Internet Interventions, 4, 17–34. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.invent.2015.12.001
• Büscher, R., Torok, M., Terhorst, Y., & Sander, L. (2020). Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce suicidal ideation. JAMA Network Open, 3(4). https:// doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3933
• Buttazzoni, A., Brar, K., & &Minaker, L (2021). Smartphone-based interventions and internalizing disorders in youth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e16490. https://doi.org/10.2196/16490
• Butts, C. T. (2008). Network: A package for managing relational data in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 24, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v024.i02
• Cadamuro, A., Birtel, M. D., Di Bernardo, G. A., Crapolicchio, E., Vezzali, L., & Drury, J (2021). Resilience in children in the aftermath of disasters: A systematic review and a new perspective on individual, interpersonal, group, and intergroup level factors. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 31(3), 259–275. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/casp.2500
• Castro, M., Martínez, A., Lopez-Soler, C., Lopez-García, J. J., & Alcantara, M. (2019). Trastorno por estres postraumatico en niños españoles maltratados. Ciencias Psicologicas, 13(2), 378–389. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i2.1894
• Clarke, A. M., Kuosmanen, T., & Barry, M. M. (2015). A systematic review of online youth mental health promotion and prevention interventions. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(1), 90–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0165-0
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale.
• Crescentini, C., Feruglio, S., Matiz, A., Paschetto, A., Vidal, E., Cogo, P., et al. (2020). Stuck outside and inside: An exploratory study on the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on Italian parents and children’s internalizing symptoms. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 586074. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586074
• Cuijpers, P., Riper, H., & Andersson, G. (2015). Internet-based treatment of depression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 4, 131–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. copsyc.2014.12.026
• Davies, M.R., Glen, K., Mundy, J., terKuile, A.R., Adey, B.N., Armour, C. et al. (2023). Factors associated with anxiety disorder comorbidity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 323, 280–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.051.
• Degli, M., Pinto, S. M., Humphreys, D. K., Sale, R. D., & Bowes, L. (2020). Child maltreatment and the risk of antisocial behaviour: A population-based cohort study spanning 50 years. Child Abuse and Neglect, 99, Article 104281. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104281
• De Vries, Y. A., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H., Benjet, C., Bruffaerts, R., et al. (2022). Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: A World Mental Health Surveys report. Psychological Medicine, 52(11), 2134–2143. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004031
• Dias, S., Sutton, A. J., Ades, A. E., & Welton, N. J. (2013). Evidence synthesis for decision making 2: A generalized linear modeling framework for pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medical Decision Making, 33, 607–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989×12458724
• Donovan, C. L., Spence, S. H., & March, S. (2017). Does an online CBT program for anxiety impact upon sleep problems in anxious youth? Journalof Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1188700
• Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal, 315, 629–634. https:// doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
• Ennis, N., Sijercic, I., & Monson, C. M. (2018). Internet-delivered early interventions for individuals exposed to traumatic events: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(11). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9795
• Fleming, T. M., Cheek, C., Merry, S. N., Thabrew, H., Bridgman, H., Stasiak, K., et al. (2014). Serious games for the treatment or prevention of depression: A systematic review. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 19(3), 227–242. https://doi.org/ 10.5944/rppc.vol.19.num.3.2014.13904
• Fleming, T., Dixon, R., Frampton, C., & Merry, S. (2012). A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of computerized CBT (SPARX) for symptoms of depression among adolescents excluded from mainstream education. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40(5), 529–541. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465811000695
• Flores, J., Caqueo-Urízar, A., Ramírez, C., Arancio, G., & &Cofre, J. P (2020). Locus of control, self-control, and gender as predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems in children and adolescents in Northern Chile. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02015
• Gladstone, T. R. G., Terrizzi, D. A., Paulson, A., Nidetz, J., Canel, J., Ching, E., et al. (2018). Effect of internet-based cognitive behavioral humanistic and interpersonal training vs internet-based general health education on adolescent depression in primary care: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 1(7). https://doi.org/ 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4278
• Hearn, C. S., Donovan, C. L., Spence, S. H., & March, S. (2018). Do worry and its associated cognitive variables alter following CBTtreatment in a youth population with social anxiety disorder? Results froma randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 53, 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.11.005
• Heber, E., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., Nobis, S., et al. (2017). The benefit of web- and computer-based interventions for stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(2), e32. https://doi.org/ 10.2196/jmir.5774
• Hetrick, S. E., Yuen, H. P., Bailey, E., Cox, G. R., Templer, K., Rice, S. M., et al. (2017). Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for young people with suicide-related behaviour (Reframe-IT): A randomised controlled trial. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 20(3), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2017-102719
• Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., et al. (Eds.). (2019). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (2nd ed.). Wiley.
• Hill, R. M., & Pettit, J. W. (2016). Pilot randomized controlled trial of LEAP: A selective preventive intervention to reduce adolescents’ perceived burdensomeness. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 53, 48(sup1), S45–S56. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/15374416.2016.1188705
• Hodges, M., Godbout, N., Briere, J., Lanktree, C., Gilbert, A., & Kletzka, N. T. (2013). Cumulative trauma and symptom complexity in children: A path analysis. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(11), 891–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.04.001
• Hoek, W., Marko, M., Fogel, J., Schuurmans, J., Gladstone, T., Bradford, N., et al. (2011). Randomized controlled trial of primary care physician motivational interviewing versus brief advice to engage adolescents with an Internet-based depression prevention intervention: 6-month outcomes and predictors of improvement. Translational Research, 158(6), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. trsl.2011.07.006
• Hoek, W., Schuurmans, J., Koot, H. M., & &Cuijpers, P (2012). Effects of internet-based guided self-help problem-solving therapy for adolescents with depression and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 7(8), e43485. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0043485
• Humphreys, K. L., LeMoult, J., Wear, J. G., Piersiak, H. A., Lee, A., & &Gotlib, I. H (2020). Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse and Neglect, 102, Article 104361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361
• Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., … Moher, D. (2015). The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: Checklist and explanations. Annals of Internal Medicine, 162, 777–784. https://doi.org/10.7326/ M14-2385
• Ip, P., Chim, D., Chan, K. L., Li, T. M. H., Ho, F. K. W., Van Voorhees, B. W., et al. (2016). Effectiveness of a culturally attuned internet-based depression prevention program for Chinese adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety, 33(12), 1123–1131. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22554
• Jackson, D., Law, M., Barrett, J. K., Turner, R., Higgins, J. P. T., Salanti, G., et al. (2016). Extending DerSimonian and Laird’s methodology to perform network meta-analyses with random inconsistency effects. Statistics in Medicine, 35, 819–839. https://doi. org/10.1002/sim.6752
• Jolstedt, M., Wahlund, T., Lenhard, F., Ljotsson, B., Mataix-Cols, D., Nord, M., et al. (2018). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet cognitive behavioural therapy for paediatric anxiety disorders: A single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 2(11), 792–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30275-X
• Karbasi, A., & Haratian, A (2018). The efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy on the anxiety disorders among adolescent girls. Advanced Biomedical Research, 7, 13. https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_203_16
• Karyotaki, E., Ebert, D. D., Donkin, L., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Burger, S., et al. (2018). Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 63, 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.007
• Knapp, G., & Hartung, J. (2003). Improved tests for a random effects meta-regression with a single covariate. Statistics in Medicine, 22, 2693–2710. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/sim.1482
• Law, M., Jackson, D., Turner, R., Rhodes, K., & &Viechtbauer, W (2016). Two new methods to fit models for network meta-analysis with random inconsistency effects. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 16, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016- 0184-5
• Lindqvist, K., Mechler, J., Carlbring, P., Lilliengren, P., Falkenstrom, F., Andersson, G., et al. (2020). Affect-focused psychodynamic internet-based therapy for adolescent depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.2196/18047
• Lopez-Lopez, J. A., Marín-Martínez, F., Sanchez-Meca, J., Van den Noortgate, W., & &Viechtbauer, W (2014). Estimation of the predictive power of the model in mixed- effects meta-regression: A simulation study. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 67, 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12002
• Ma, L., Mazidi, M., Li, K., Li, Y., Chen, S., Kirwan, R., et al. (2021). Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 293, 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.021
• Makarushka, M.M. (2012). Efficacy of an Internet-based intervention targeted to adolescents with subthreshold depression (2012-99170-170; Numbers 3-A) [ProQuest Information & Learning]. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-99170-170&lang=es&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
• March, S., Spence, S. H., & Donovan, C. L. (2009). The efficacy of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention for child anxiety disorders. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(5), 474–487. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsn099
• McGar, A. B., Kindler, C., & &Marsac, M (2019). Electronic health interventions for preventing and treating negative psychological sequelae resulting from pediatric medical conditions: Systematic review. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, 2(2). https:// doi.org/10.2196/12427
• Merry, S. N., Stasiak, K., Shepherd, M., Frampton, C., Fleming, T., & Lucassen, M. F. G. (2012). The effectiveness of SPARX, a computerized selfhelp intervention for adolescents seeking help for depression: Randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. British Medical Journal, 344, e2598. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e2598
• Mitchell, L. M., Joshi, U., Patel, V., Lu, C., & &Naslund, J. A (2021). Economic evaluations of internet-based psychological interventions for anxiety disorders and depression: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 284, 157–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.092
• Moeini, B., Bashirian, S., Soltanian, A. R., Ghaleiha, A., & Taheri, M. (2019). Examining the effectiveness of a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms in female adolescents: Applying social cognitive theory. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 19(3). Mora, L., Nevid, J., & Chaplin, W. (2008). Psychologist treatment recommendations for Internet-based therapeutic interventions. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(6), 3052–3062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.05.011
• Morris, S. B. (2008). Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organizational Research Methods, 11(2), 364–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428106291059
• Mostan, S., Bar-Kalifa, E., Yirmiya, K., & Feldman, R. (2021). Physiological and social synchrony as markers of PTSD and resilience following chronic early trauma. Depression and Anxiety, 38(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23106
• Nordh, M., Wahlund, T., Jolstedt, M., Sahlin, H., Bjureberg, J., Ahlen, J., et al. (2021). Therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy vs internet- delivered supportive therapy for children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 78(7), 705–713. https://doi. org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0469
• Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 56(3), 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12381
• Poppelaars, M., Tak, Y. R., Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., Engels, R. C. M. E., Lobel, A., Merry, S. N., et al. (2016). A randomized controlled trial comparing two cognitive- behavioral programs for adolescent girls with subclinical depression: A school-based program (Op VolleKracht) and a computerized program (SPARX). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 80, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.03.005
• R Core Team. (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
• Reis, S., Matthews, E. L., & Grenyer, B. F. S (2021). Characteristics of effective online interventions: Implications for adolescents with personality disorder during a global pandemic. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process, and Outcome, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.488
• Renton, T., Tang, H., Ennis, N., Cusimano, M. D., Bhalerao, S., Schweizer, T. A., et al. (2014). Web-based intervention programs for depression: A scoping review and evaluation. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.2196/ jmir.3147
• Reyes-Portillo, J. A., Mufson, L., Greenhill, L. L., Gould, M. S., Fisher, P. W., Tarlow, N., et al. (2014). Web-based interventions for youth internalizing problems: A systematic review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(12), 1254–1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.005. e5.
• Rice, S. M., Goodall, J., Hetrick, S. E., Parker, A. G., Gilbertson, T., Amminger, G. P., et al. (2014). Online and social networking interventions for the treatment of depression in young people: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3304
• Rickhi, B., Kania-Richmond, A., Moritz, S., Cohen, J., Paccagnan, P., Dennis, C., et al. (2015). Evaluation of a spirituality informed e-mental health tool as an intervention for major depressive disorder in adolescents and young adults—A randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15(1). https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0968-x
• Rooksby, M., Elouafkaoui, P., Humphris, G., Clarkson, J., & Freeman, R. (2015). Internet- assisted delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.11.006
• Rosenthal, R. (1991). Meta-analytic procedures for social research (rev. ed.). Sage.
• Sander, L., Rausch, L., & Baumeister, H. (2016). Effectiveness of internet-based interventions for the prevention of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta- analysis. JMIR Mental Health, 3(3), e38. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.6061
• Santilhano, M. (2019). Online intervention to reduce pediatric anxiety: An evidence- based review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 32(4), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12256
• Sapru, I., Khalid-Khan, S., Choi, E., Alavi, N., Patel, A., Sutton, C., et al. (2016). Effectiveness of online versus live multi-familypsychoeducation group therapy for children andadolescents with mood or anxiety disorders: A pilot study. InternationalJournal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 30(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/ 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0069
• Schleider, J. L., Mullarkey, M. C., Fox, K. R., Dobias, M. L., Shroff, A., Hart, E. A., et al. (2022). A randomized trial of online single session interventions for adolescent depression during COVID-19. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(2), 258–268. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41562-021-01235-0
• Schniering, C. A., Einstein, D., Kirkman, J. J. L., & &Rapee, R. M (2022). Online treatment of adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 311, 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jad.2022.05.072
• Siemer, C. P., Fogel, J., & Van Voorhees, B. W. (2011). Telemental health and web-based applications in children and adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20(1), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2010.08.012
• Smith, P., Scott, R., Eshkevari, E., Jatta, F., Leigh, E., Harris, V., et al. (2015). Computerised CBT for depressed adolescents: Randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 73, 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.07.009
• Spence, S. H., Donovan, C. L., March, S., Gamble, A., Anderson, R. E., Prosser, S., et al. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of online versus clinic-based CBT for adolescent anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(5), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024512
• Spence, S. H., Donovan, C. L., March, S., Kenardy, J. A., & Hearn, C. S. (2017). Generic versus disorder specific cognitive behavior therapy forsocial anxiety disorder in youth: A randomized controlled trialusing internet delivery. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 90, 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.003
• Stasiak, K., Fleming, T., Lucassen, M. F. G., Shepherd, M. J., Whittaker, R., & Merry, S. N. (2016). Computer-Based and Online Therapy for Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26(3), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.0029
• Stasiak, K., Hatcher, S., Frampton, C., & Merry, S. N. (2014). A pilot double blind randomized placebo controlled trial of a prototype computer-based cognitive behavioural therapy program for adolescents with symptoms of depression. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 42(4), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1352465812001087
• Stjerneklar, S., Hougaard, E., McLellan, L. F., & &Thastum, M (2019). A randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy program for adolescents with anxiety disorders. PloS one, 14(9). https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222485
• Tillfors, M., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., Furmark, T., Lewenhaupt, S., Karlsson, A., et al. (2011). A randomized trial of internet-delivered treatment for social anxiety disorder in high school students. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 40(2), 147–157. https://doi. org/10.1080/16506073.2011.555486
• Topooco, N., Berg, M., Johansson, S., Liljethorn, L., Radvogin, E., Vlaescu, G., et al. (2018). Chat- and internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy in treatment of adolescent depression: Randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 4(4), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.18
• Topooco, N., Bylehn, S., Nysater, E. D., Holmlund, J., Lindegaard, J., Johansson, S., et al. (2019). Evaluating the efficacy of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy blended with synchronous chat sessions to treat adolescent depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(11). https:// doi.org/10.2196/13393
• Topper, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Watkins, E., & &Ehring, T (2017). Prevention of anxiety disorders and depression by targeting excessive worry and rumination in adolescents and young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 90, 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.015
• Valimaki, M., Anttila, K., Anttila, M., & &Lahti, M (2017). Web-based interventions supporting adolescents and young people with depressive symptoms: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(12), e180. https://doi.org/ 10.2196/mhealth.8624
• Verhagen, A. P., de Vet, H. C. W., de Bie, R. A., Kessels, A. G. H., Boers, M., Bouter, L. M., et al. (1998). The Delphi list: A criteria list for qualityassessment of randomised clinical trials for conducting systematic reviews developed by Delphi consensus. JournalofClinicalEpidemiology, 51(12), 1235–1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00131-0
• Vicente-Escudero, J. L., Saura-Garre, P., Lopez-Soler, C., Martínez, A., & Alcantara, M. (2019). Adiccion al movil e internet en adolescentes y su relacion con problemas psicopatologicos y variables protectoras. Escritos de Psicología, 12(2), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v12i2.10065
• Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-Analyses in R with the metaphor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36, 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v036.i03
• Viechtbauer, W., Lopez-Lopez, J. A., Sanchez-Meca, J., & Marín-Martínez, F. (2015). A comparison of procedures to test for moderators in mixed-effects meta-regression models. Psychological Methods, 20, 360–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000023
• Vigerland, S., Ljotsson, B., Thulin, U., O st, L.-G., Andersson, G., & &Serlachius, E (2016). Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for children with anxiety disorders: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 76, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.11.006
• Waite, P., Marshall, T., & Creswell, C. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of internet- delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescent anxiety disorders in a routine clinical care setting with and without parent sessions. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 24(3), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12311
• Waters, A. M., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Craske, M. G., Pine, D. S., Bradley, B. P., & &Mogg, K (2015). Look for good and never give up: A novel attention training treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 73, 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.08.005
• Waters, A. M., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Craske, M. G., Pine, D. S., Bradley, B. P., & &Mogg, K (2016). A preliminary evaluation of a home-based, computer-delivered attention training treatment for anxious children living in regional communities. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 7(3), 511–527. https://doi.org/10.5127/ jep.053315
• Wozney, L., Huguet, A., Bennett, K., Radomski, A. D., Hartling, L., Dyson, M., et al. (2017). How do ehealth programs for adolescents with depression work? A realist review of persuasive system design components in internet-based psychological therapies. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.2196/ jmir.7573
• Wright, B., Tindall, L., Littlewood, E., Allgar, V., Abeles, P., Trepel, D., et al. (2017). Computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression in adolescents: Feasibility results and 4-month outcomes of a UK randomisedcontrolled trial. BMJ open, 7(1), Article e012834. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012834
• Wuthrich, V. M., Rapee, R. M., Cunningham, M. J., Lyneham, H. J., Hudson, J. L., & &Schniering, C. A (2012). A randomized controlled trial of the Cool Teens CD-ROM computerized program for adolescent anxiety. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(3), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jaac.2011.12.002
• Ye, X., Bapuji, S. B., Winters, S. E., Struthers, A., Raynard, M., Metge, C., et al. (2014). Effectiveness of internet-based interventions for children, youth, and young adults with anxiety and/or depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-313
• Yoon, S., Dillard, R., Kobulsky, J., Nemeth, J., Shi, Y., & &Schoppe-Sullivan, S (2020). The type and timing of child maltreatment as predictors of adolescent cigarette smoking trajectories. Substance Use and Misuse, 55(6), 937–946. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10826084.2020.1713819
• Zhou, J., Liu, L., Xue, P., Yang, X., & Tang, X. (2020). Mental health response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(7), 574–575. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030304