Prevalencia y evolución temporal de síntomas de asma en España. Estudio Global Asthma Network (GAN)
- Alberto Bercedo Sanz
- Antonela Martínez-Torres
- Carlos González Díaz
- Ángel López-Silvarrey Varela
- Francisco Javier Pellegrini Belinchón
- Inés Aguinaga-Ontoso
- Luis García-Marcos
ISSN: 1695-4033, 1696-4608
Ano de publicación: 2022
Volume: 97
Número: 3
Páxinas: 161-171
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Anales de Pediatría: Publicación Oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría ( AEP )
Resumo
Introduction The temporal evolution of the prevalence of asthma described in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) in 2002 is unknown, or if the geographical or age differences are maintained in Spain. Objective To describe the prevalence of asthma symptoms in different Spanish geographical areas and compare it with that of those centers that participated in the ISAAC. Methods Cross-sectional study of asthma prevalence, carried out in 2016–2019 with 19,943 adolescents aged 13–14 years and 17,215 schoolchildren aged 6–7 years from six Spanish geographical areas (Cartagena, Bilbao, Cantabria, La Coruña, Pamplona and Salamanca). Asthma symptoms were collected using a written questionnaire and video questionnaire according to the Global Asthma Network (GAN) protocol. Results The prevalence of recent wheezing (last 12 months) was 15.3% at 13–14 years and 10.4% at 6–7 years, with variations in adolescents, from 19% in Bilbao to 10.2% in Cartagena; and in schoolchildren, from 11.7% in Cartagena to 7% in Pamplona. These prevalences were higher than those of the ISAAC (10.6% in adolescents and 9.9% in schoolchildren). About 21.3% of adolescents and 12.4% of schoolchildren reported asthma at some time. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of asthmatic symptoms with an increase in adolescents and a stabilization in Spanish schoolchildren with respect to the ISAAC. Geographical variations in asthma prevalence are not so clearly appreciated, but areas with high prevalences maintain high numbers.