Relación entre los medicamentos usados en la inducción al parto y las enfermedades tempranas del niño con la hipomineralización incisivo molarensayo experimental en ratas

Resumo

INTRODUCTION: Incisor Molar Hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental dental anomaly associated with systemic causes affecting one to four first permanent molars, often also involving permanent incisors. The enamel of affected teeth exhibits weakened opacities ranging from white to brown in color, with a porous texture. These teeth demonstrate high sensitivity to thermal changes and are more prone to fracture upon chewing, leading to cavities susceptible to decay. They are also difficult to anesthetize and pose challenges with the adhesion of restorative materials. Additionally, there's a higher risk of pulp complications that may jeopardize the tooth due to incomplete root development at early ages. The etiology of this condition remains unknown, although it is likely multifactorial. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a retrospective study on perinatal and postnatal factors related to MIH and a preliminary experimental study in Sprague Dawley rats by administering medications used in labor induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral examination was performed on 112 children, and parents were given a questionnaire regarding illnesses during pregnancy and the child's early years. Additionally, hospital records of 85 children were reviewed to identify medications used during childbirth. For the experimental study, four pregnant rats were used. The study groups consisted of: Group A, a mixture of dinoprostone, meperidine and haloperidol (n=5); group B, dinoprostone (n=5); group C, meperidine and haloperidol (n=5); and control group (n=2). Subsequently, the mice were sacrificed, and molars were analyzed using SEM and EDX. RESULTS: The retrospective study to determine whether there was a relationship between intrapartum medication use and the occurrence of MIH showed significant results in cases where mothers were induced with dinoprostone (p = 0.000) or administered the haloperidol and meperidine mixture (p = 0.000), as well as in children who had viral illnesses (p = 0.020) and received antibiotics (p = 0.042) in early childhood. Regarding the experimental study in rats, significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in the magnesium and phosphorus elements in the group administered dinoprostone, haloperidol, and meperidine. CONCLUSIONS: A relationship was observed between the administration of the lytic mixture and dinoprostone during childbirth and an increased risk of developing MIH, also in children who experienced viral infections and received antibiotic treatment in early childhood. Results from the analysis of mineral composition of rat molar enamel using EDX showed that groups administered the lytic mixture during childbirth exhibited magnesium and phosphorus concentrations characteristic of hypomineralized teeth.