Unilateral hamstring muscle strengthening exercises can improve hamstring asymmetry and increase jumping performance in sub-elite badminton athletes

  1. Oce Wiriawan 1
  2. Afif Rusdiawan 1
  3. Kusuma, Donny Ardy 1
  4. Awang Firmansyah 1
  5. José Vicente García-Jiménez 2
  6. Zein, Muhammad Ikhwan
  7. Ratko Pavlovic
  8. Agnieszka Magdalena Nowak
  9. Nugroho Susanto
  10. Adi Pranoto
  1. 1 State University of Surabaya
    info

    State University of Surabaya

    Surabaya, Indonesia

    ROR https://ror.org/01jf74q70

  2. 2 Universidad de Murcia
    info

    Universidad de Murcia

    Murcia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03p3aeb86

Zeitschrift:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726 1988-2041

Datum der Publikation: 2024

Nummer: 54

Seiten: 761-770

Art: Artikel

Andere Publikationen in: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Zusammenfassung

This study aimed to determine the effect of 10 weeks of unilateral training on asymmetry and jumping performance in sub-elite badminton athletes. 23 out of 41 badminton athletes who met the inclusion criteria were taken as samples in this study. Selected samples will be given unilateral exercise interventions in the form of Swiss ball hamstring curl exercises and single leg bridge for ten weeks with a frequency of exercise 3 times a week. Data were collected two times before the intervention (pretest) was given and after the intervention (posttest). The measurement uses the Norbord test to determine the condition of hamstring asymmetry and the Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) jump test to determine jump height. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the percentage of hamstring asymmetry p ≤ 0.001 (Pretest: 20.26±10.25 % to Posttest: 9.20±3.51 %) and has a large effect size with a Cohen's d value of 1.443, and an increase in jump height p ≤ 0.001 (Pretest: 33.06±4.93 cm to Posttest: 35.17±4.54 cm) and has a medium effect size with a Cohen's d value of 0.447. The conclusion is that 30 unilateral exercises for ten weeks can improve hamstring asymmetry above 10% and increase jumping performance in badminton athletes.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • Adrian, V., & Petru, A. V. (2021). Improving muscle size with Weider ’ s principle of progressive overload in non-performance athletes Improving muscle size with Weider ’ s principle of progressive overload in non-performance athletes. Timişoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal, 14(23), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.2478/tperj-2021-0011
  • Afonso, J., Peña, J., Sá, M., Virgile, A., García-de-Alcaraz, A., & Bishop, C. (2022). Why Sports Should Embrace Bilateral Asymmetry: A Narrative Review. Symmetry, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14101993
  • Andersen, V., Fimland, M. S., Brennset, Haslestad, L. R., Lundteigen, M. S., Skalleberg, K., & Saeterbakken, A. H. (2014). Muscle activation and strength in squat and bulgarian squat on stable and unstable surface. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(14), 1196–1202. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1382016
  • Anicic, Z., Janicijevic, D., Knezevic, O. M., Garcia-Ramos, A., Petrovic, M. R., Cabarkapa, D., & Mirkov, D. M. (2023). Assessment of Countermovement Jump: What Should We Report? Life 2023, Vol. 13, Page 190, 13(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/LIFE13010190
  • Appleby, B. B., Cormack, S. J., & Newton, R. U. (2020). Unilateral and Bilateral Lower-Body Resistance Training Does not Transfer Equally to Sprint and Change of Direction Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003035
  • Arede, J., Leite, N., Tous-Fajardo, J., Bishop, C., & Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2022). Enhancing High-Intensity Actions During a Basketball Game After a Strength Training Program With Random Recovery Times Between Sets. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(7), 1989–1997. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004002
  • Arnason, A., Andersen, T. E., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2008). Prevention of hamstring strains in elite soccer: an intervention study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 18(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0838.2006.00634.X
  • Bell, D. R., Sanfilippo, J. L., Binkley, N., & Heiderscheit, B. C. (2014). Lean Mass Asymmetry Influences Force and Power Asymmetry During Jumping in Collegiate Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(4), 884–891. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000367
  • Bettariga, F., Maestroni, L., Martorelli, L., Jarvis, P., Turner, A., & Bishop, C. (2022). The Effects of a Unilateral Strength and Power Training Intervention on Inter-Limb Asymmetry and Physical Performance in Male Amateur Soccer Players. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, October. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-022-00188-8
  • Bettariga, F., Turner, A., Maloney, S., Maestroni, L., Jarvis, P., & Bishop, C. (2022). The Effects of Training Interventions on Interlimb Asymmetries: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 44(5), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000701
  • Bishop, C., Manuel, J., Drury, B., Beato, M., & Turner, A. (2022). Assessing Eccentric Hamstring Strength Using the NordBord: Between-Session Reliability and Interlimb Asymmetries in Professional Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(9), 2552–2557. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004303
  • Bishop, C., Turner, A., Jarvis, P., Chavda, S., & Read, P. (2017). Considerations for Selecting Field-Based Strength and Power Fitness Tests to Measure Asymmetries. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2635–2644. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002023
  • Bishop, C., Turner, A., & Read, P. (2018). Effects of inter-limb asymmetries on physical and sports performance: a systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(10), 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1361894
  • Bogdanis, G. C., Tsoukos, A., Kaloheri, O., Terzis, G., Veligekas, P., & Brown, L. E. (2019). Comparison Between Unilateral and Bilateral Plyometric Training on Singleand Double-Leg Jumping Performance and Strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(3), 633–640. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001962
  • Bourne, M. N., Williams, M. D., Opar, D. A., Al Najjar, A., Kerr, G. K., & Shield, A. J. (2017). Impact of exercise selection on hamstring muscle activation. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(13), 1021–1028. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJSPORTS-2015-095739
  • Bradley, P. S., & Portas, M. D. (2007). The relationship between preseason range of motion and muscle strain injury in elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1155–1159. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-20416.1
  • Brearley, S., & Bishop, C. (2019). Transfer of training: How specific should we be? Strength and Conditioning Journal, 41(3), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000450
  • Chaabene, H., Behm, D. G., Negra, Y., & Granacher, U. (2019). Acute Effects of Static Stretching on Muscle Strength and Power: An Attempt to Clarify Previous Caveats. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01468
  • Chavarro-Nieto, C., Beaven, M., Gill, N., & Hébert-Losier, K. (2022). Reliability of Repeated Nordic Hamstring Strength in Rugby Players Using a Load Cell Device. Sensors, 22(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249756
  • Cheah, P. Y., Cheong, J. P. G., Razman, R., & Abidin, N. E. Z. (2017). Comparison of Vertical Jump Height Using the Force Platform and the Vertec. 155–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3737-5
  • Croisier, J. L., Ganteaume, S., Binet, J., Genty, M., & Ferret, J. M. (2008). Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 16(3), 1469–1475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316764
  • Cuthbert, M., Comfort, P., Ripley, N., Mcmahon, J. J., Evans, M., & Bishop, C. (2021). Unilateral vs . bilateral hamstring strength assessments : comparing reliability and inter-limb asymmetries in female soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 00(00), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1880180
  • Ercan, A. O., Kerem, A. H., & Kunduracioglu, B. (2019). Comparing FMS and nordbord scores in professional football athletes with prior hamstring injuries. Journal of Orthopaedics Trauma Surgery and Related Research, 14(3).
  • Fitzpatrick, D. A., Cimadoro, G., & Cleather, D. J. (2019). The Magical Horizontal Force Muscle? A Preliminary Study Examining the “Force-Vector” Theory. Sports 2019, Vol. 7, Page 30, 7(2), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/SPORTS7020030
  • Freckleton, G., Cook, J., & Pizzari, T. (2014). The predictive validity of a single leg bridge test for hamstring injuries in Australian Rules Football Players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(8), 713–717. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJSPORTS-2013-092356
  • Gabbe, B. J., Bennell, K. L., Finch, C. F., Wajswelner, H., & Orchard, J. W. (2006). Predictors of hamstring injury at the elite level of Australian football. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 16(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0838.2005.00441.X
  • Gathercole, R. J., Stellingwerff, T., & Sporer, B. C. (2015). Effect of acute fatigue and training adaptation on countermovement jump performance in elite snowboard cross athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000622
  • Gonzalez Vargas, J. M., & Gallardo Pérez, J. M. (2023). Descriptive analysis of physical performance variables in a Chilean women’s first division football team. Retos, 48, 657–666. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.95406.
  • Gonzalo-Skok, O., Tous-Fajardo, J., Suarez-Arrones, L., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., Casajús, J. A., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2017). Single-leg power output and between-limbs imbalances in team-sport players: Unilateral versus bilateral combined resistance training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(1), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0743
  • Gonzalo-Skok, O., Tous-Fajardo, J., Valero-Campo, C., Berzosa, C., Bataller, A. V., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., Moras, G., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2017). Eccentric-overload training in team-sport functional performance: Constant bilateral vertical versus variable unilateral multidirectional movements. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(7), 951–958. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0251
  • Grindem, H., Snyder-Mackler, L., Moksnes, H., Engebretsen, L., & Risberg, M. A. (2016). Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(13), 804–808. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJSPORTS-2016-096031
  • Guruhan, S., Kafa, N., Ecemis, Z. B., & Guzel, N. A. (2020). Muscle Activation Differences During Eccentric Hamstring Exercises. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach (SPH), XX(X), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120938649
  • Heredia-Jimenez, J., & Orantes-Gonzalez, E. (2020). Comparison Of Three Different Measurement Systems To Assess The Vertical Jump Height. Rev Bras Med Esporte, 26(2), 143–146.
  • Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Klatt, M., Faigenbaum, A. D., & Kang, J. (2007). Do bilateral power deficits influence direction-specific movement patterns? Research in Sports Medicine, 15(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620701405313
  • Ishøi, L., Aagaard, P., Nielsen, M. F., Thornton, K. B., Krommes, K. K., Hölmich, P., & Thorborg, K. (2019). The Influence of Hamstring Muscle Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development for Sprinting Performance in Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(5), 665–673. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2018-0464
  • Khoiriyah. (2014). Perbedaan Pemberian Latihan Hamstring Curl on Swiss Ball dengan latihan Lying Leg Curl Terhadap Peningkatan. Jurnal Fisioterapi, 14(2), 97–107. https://ejurnal.esaunggul.ac.id/index.php/Fisio/article/download/1112/1021
  • Krommes, K., Petersen, J., Nielsen, M. B., Aagaard, P., Hölmich, P., & Thorborg, K. (2017). Sprint and jump performance in elite male soccer players following a 10 ‑ week Nordic Hamstring exercise Protocol : a randomised pilot study. BMC Research Notes, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2986-x
  • Kulas, A. S., Windley, T. C., & Schmitz, R. J. (2005). Effects of abdominal postures on lower extremity energetics during single-leg landings. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 14(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.14.1.58
  • Kuntze, G., Mansfield, N., & Sellers, W. (2010). A biomechanical analysis of common lunge tasks in badminton. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(2), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903428533
  • Lehecka, B. J., Edwards, M., Haverkamp, R., Martin, L., Porter, K., Thach, K., Sack, R. J., & Hakansson, N. A. (2017). Building A Better Gluteal Bridge: Electromyographic Analysis Of Hip Muscle Activity During Modified Single-Leg Bridges. The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 12(4), 543–549. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28900560/
  • Li, S., Zhang, Z., Wan, B., Wilde, B., & Shan, G. (2017). The relevance of body positioning and its training effect on badminton smash. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1164332
  • Liao, K. F., Nassis, G. P., Bishop, C., Yang, W., Bian, C., & Li, Y. M. (2022). Effects of unilateral vs. bilateral resistance training interventions on measures of strength, jump, linear and change of direction speed: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biology of Sport, 39(3), 485–497. https://doi.org/10.5114/BIOLSPORT.2022.107024
  • López-Miñarro, P. A., Muyor, J., Belmonte, F., & Alacid, F. (2012). Acute Effects of Hamstring Stretching on Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Pelvic Tilt. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.2478/V10078-012-0007-7
  • Makaruk, H., Winchester, J. B., Sadowski, J., Czaplicki, A., & Sacewicz, T. (2011). Effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on power and jumping ability in women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3311–3318. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0B013E318215FA33
  • Maloney, S. J. (2018). Review of the badminton lunge and specific training considerations. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 40(4), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000378
  • Masu, Y., & Nagai, M. (2016). Characteristics of lower limb muscle activity during upper limb elevation in badminton players. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(9), 2510–2514. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.2510
  • Mendiguchia, J., Samozino, P., Martinez-Ruiz, E., Brughelli, M., Schmikli, S., Morin, J. B., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2014). Progression of mechanical properties during on-field sprint running after returning to sports from a hamstring muscle injury in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(8), 690–695. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0033-1363192/ID/R3733-0043
  • Mizuguchi, S., Sands, W. A., Wassinger, C. A., Lamont, H. S., & Stone, M. H. (2015). A new approach to determining net impulse and identification of its characteristics in countermovement jumping: reliability and validity. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/14763141.2015.1053514, 14(2), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2015.1053514
  • Monajati, A., Larumbe-Zabala, E., Goss-Sampson, M., & Naclerio, F. (2017). Analysis of the Hamstring Muscle Activation during two Injury Prevention Exercises. Journal of Human Kinetics, 60(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0105
  • Mrzygłód, S., Pietraszewski, P., Golas, A., Jarosz, J., Matusiński, A., & Krzysztofik, M. (2021). Changes in muscle activity imbalance of the lower limbs following 3 weeks of supplementary body-weight unilateral training. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041494
  • Ooi, C. H., Tan, A., Ahmad, A., Kwong, K. W., Sompong, R., Ghazali, K. A. M., Liew, S. L., Chai, W. J., & Thompson, M. W. (2009). Physiological characteristics of elite and sub-elite badminton players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(14), 1591–1599. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903352907
  • Opar, D. A., Piatkowski, T., Williams, M. D., & Shield, A. J. (2013). A novel device using the nordic hamstring exercise to assess eccentric knee flexor strength: A reliability and retrospective injury study. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 43(9), 636–640. https://doi.org/10.2519/JOSPT.2013.4837
  • Opar, D. A., Williams, M. D., & Shield, A. J. (2012). Hamstring strain injuries: factors that lead to injury and re-injury. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 42(3), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.2165/11594800-000000000-00000
  • Pardos-Mainer, E., Casajús, J. A., Bishop, C., & Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2020). Effects of combined strength and power training on physical performance and interlimb asymmetries in adolescent female soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(8), 1147–1155. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2019-0265
  • Paterno M.V. Ford K.A, S. L. C. (2010). Biomechanical Measures During Landing and Postural Stability Am J Sports Med Am J Sports Med . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 June 25. . 2010 October ; 38(10): 1968–1978. doi:10.1177/0363546510376053. Predict Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament In. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(10), 1968–1978. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510376053.Biomechanical
  • Phomsoupha, M., & Laffaye, G. (2015). The Science of Badminton: Game Characteristics, Anthropometry, Physiology, Visual Fitness and Biomechanics. Sports Medicine, 45(4), 473–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0287-2
  • Phukan, M. I., Thapa, R. K., Kumar, G., Bishop, C., Chaabene, H., & Ramirez-Campillo, R. (2021). Inter-limb jump asymmetries and their association with sport-specific performance in young male and female swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147324
  • Pori, P., Kovčan, B., Vodičar, J., Dervišević, E., Karpljuk, D., Hadžić, V., & Šimenko, J. (2021). Predictive validity of the single leg hamstring bridge test in military settings. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041822
  • Risberg, M. A., Steffen, K., Nilstad, A., Myklebust, G., Kristianslund, E., Moltubakk, M. M., & Krosshaug, T. (2018). Normative quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength values for female, healthy, elite handball and football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(8), 2314–2323. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002579
  • Schache, A. G., Dorn, T. W., Wrigley, T. V., Brown, N. A. T., & Pandy, M. G. (2013). Stretch and activation of the human biarticular hamstrings across a range of running speeds. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(11), 2813–2828. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00421-013-2713-9
  • Scilingo, E. P., Gemignani, A., Paradiso, R., Taccini, N., Ghelarducci, B., & De Rossi, D. (2005). Performance evaluation of sensing fabrics for monitoring physiological and biomechanical variables. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 9(3), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITB.2005.854506
  • Shield, A., & Bourne, M. (2020). Optimising hamstring strength and function for performance after hamstring injury. Prevention and Rehabilitation of Hamstring Injuries, 283–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31638-9_12/COVER
  • Stern, D., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Loturco, I., Turner, A., & Bishop, C. (2020). A Comparison of Bilateral vs. Unilateral-Biased Strength and Power Training Interventions on Measures of Physical Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(8), 2105–2111. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003659
  • Sturgess, S., & Newton, R. U. (2008). Design and implementation of a specific strength program for badminton. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 30(3), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181771008
  • Timmins, R. G., Bourne, M. N., Shield, A. J., Williams, M. D., Lorenzen, C., & Opar, D. A. (2016). Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(24), 1524–1535. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJSPORTS-2015-095362
  • Tsai, C. L., Hsueh, Y. C., Pan, K. M., & Chang, S. S. (2008). Biomechanical analysis of different badminton forehand overhead strokes of Taiwan elite femal players. 26 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Conference, Coaching and Sports Performance, 719–722.
  • Tucker, C. B., & Hanley, B. (2017). Gait variability and symmetry in world-class senior and junior race walkers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(17), 1739–1744. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1235793
  • Turki, O., Chaouachi, A., Drinkwater, E. J., Chtara, M., Chamari, K., Amri, M., & Behm, D. G. (2011). Ten Minutes of Dynamic Stretching Is Sufficient to Potentiate Vertical Jump Performance Characteristics. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2453–2463.
  • Undheim, M. B., Cosgrave, C., King, E., Strike, S., Marshall, B., Falvey, Ã., & Franklyn-Miller, A. (2015). Isokinetic muscle strength and readiness to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: is there an association? A systematic review and a protocol recommendation. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), 1305–1310. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJSPORTS-2014-093962
  • Vargas, V. Z., Motta, C., Peres, B., Vancini, R. L., Andre Barbosa De Lira, C., & Andrade, M. S. (2019). Knee isokinetic muscle strength and balance ratio in female soccer players of different age groups: a cross-sectional study. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2019.1642808, 48(1), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2019.1642808
  • Vleeming, A., Stoeckart, R., & Snijders, C. J. (1989). The sacrotuberous ligament : a conceptual approach to its dynamic role in stabilizing the sacroiliac joint. Clinical Biomechanics, 4(4), 201–203. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0268-0033(89)90002-8.
  • Wiriawan, O., Setijono, H., Putera, S. H. P., Yosika, G. F., Kaharina, A., Sholikhah, A. M., & Pranoto, A. (2024). Far-Infrared Radiation with Sauna Method Improves Recovery of Fatigue and Muscle Damage in Athletes After Submaximal Physical Exercise. Retos, 54, 57–62. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.102938.