Determinación de proteínas de fase aguda y marcadores de estrés oxidativo, en perros seropositivos a "Trypanosoma cruzi"

Abstract

ome vector-borne diseases such as ticks, mosquitoes, sandflies and triatomines, whose main reservoir are dogs, are relevant both in Veterinary Medicine and public health because many of them are zoonotic in nature. Among these diseases we have Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis / Ehrlichia ewingii), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Anaplasma platys), heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi). The process of diagnosing these diseases can be difficult because there are phases that are asymptomatic or with common clinical signs among other diseases. Currently, the determination of acute phase proteins and oxidative stress markers are used in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of human and animal diseases and could be of help both for the diagnosis and for the monitoring of the indicated zoonoses. Due to this knowledge gap, this research focused on the following objectives: 1. To determine the seroreactivity against Trypanosoma cruzi in two communities of Portoviejo, Ecuador; 2. Detect the frequencies of seroreactivity of vector-borne diseases in dogs positive to Trypanosoma cruzi; and 3. To determine the concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive proteins, haptoglobin, ferritin and paraoxonase-1) and oxidative stress markers (thiol, total antioxidant capacity and copper ion reducing antioxidant capacity) in dogs with natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, with and without seroreactivity with other vector-borne diseases. The research was carried out in two communities in the coastal zone of Ecuador. Two ELISA methods were used for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi and the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx test was used for the detection of seroreactivity to Ehrlichia canis / Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Anaplasma platys, Dirofilaria immitis and Borrelia burgdorferi. To determine the concentration of C-reactive protein and ferritin, an immunoturbidimetric assay was used; Haptoglobin concentration was measured using a commercial colorimetric method validated in dogs; a spectrophotometric method was used to determine the serum concentration of paraoxonase-1. Automated spectrophotometric methods, previously validated in dogs, was used to determine oxidative stress. The following groups were formed: Group 1. Dogs seroreactive to Trypanosoma cruzi (n: 45). This group was subdivided into two subgroups 1a (n: 23) without seroreactivity and 1b (n: 22) with seroreactivity with other vector-borne diseases. Group 2. Dogs seronegative to Trypanosoma cruzi (n: 40). The seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi was 57.14% and 33.33% in dogs from the communities of Portoviejo called Colón and Abdón Calderón, respectively. The frequencies of seroreactivity in animals positive to Trypanosoma cruzi were: 48% Ehrlichia canis / Ehrlichia ewingii; 28% Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Anaplasma platys, 12% Dirofilaria immitis and 0% Borrelia burgdorferi. It was determined that paraoxonase-1 decreased in Trypanosoma cruzi seroreactive dogs with and without seroreactivity with other vector-borne diseases, while ferritin increased in Trypanosoma cruzi seroreactive dogs with seroreactivity with other vector-borne diseases. Decreased thiol and copper ion reducing antioxidant capacity were found in dogs positive to Trypanosoma cruzi and in dogs positive to Trypanosoma cruzi with seroreactivity with other vector-borne diseases. Based on the results obtained, this research concludes that there is a high prevalence of dogs positive to Trypanosoma cruzi in Portoviejo that presented seroreactivity with other haemoparasites and variations of paraoxonase-1, ferritin, thiol, and the reducing antioxidant capacity of the copper ion. This information could be used for the diagnosis, clinical management, prevention, and control of these diseases in the study area.