Tratamiento psicológico en menores víctimas de violencia de género parentalapoyo empírico con perspectiva de género

Abstract

The general objective of this doctoral thesis was to evaluate the empirical support of the psychological treatment carried out in the Psychological Care Service for Sons and Daughters of Women Victims of Gender Violence (SAPMEX) of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia. To this end, the following specific objectives were developed: 1) to analyze the efficacy of psychological treatment in reducing total, internalizing, externalizing, and PTSD symptoms in minors; 2) to analyze the influence of the treatment modality, sex and age variables on the results of the intervention at a general level, internalizing, externalizing and PTSD symptoms; 3) to analyze the efficiency of psychological treatment in terms of the treatment modality used; 4) to include in the development of the study the recommendations for the inclusion of the gender perspective in the research. Regarding the methodology, it is a retrospective ex post facto study in which the available data of those cases that have undergone psychological treatment in the SAPMEX have been analyzed with both pre and post evaluation available in the range of 6 to 18 years. The theoretical basis of the treatment is Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Systemic Family Therapy (SFT), it is aimed at both mothers and children, and is presented in two modalities, on the one hand, through individual sessions, and on the other, through individual and group sessions. Allocation to these treatment conditions occurred on a non-random basis. The final sample consisted of a total of 95 childs, with 27 in the Individual modality and 68 in the Individual+Group modality. The measurement of affectation in the offspring was carried out using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) questionnaire and the calculated scale CBCL-PTSP. For the inclusion of the gender perspective in this study, the validated questionnaire ''Gender Perspective in Health Research'' (GPHR) in its version adapted to childhood research was used. For the descriptive statistical analysis of the sample, basic descriptive methods were used, and for the comparison between two groups, the t-Student test was performed once the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances were verified. Likewise, the effect size of said comparison was made using Cohen's d. To determine the influence of the treatment modality, age and sex variables on the evolution of the scores of the CBCL dimensions, linear mixed models were carried out. With the results obtained, we can conclude that this is an efficient and potentially effective intervention model, given that statistically significant reductions have been obtained both at a general level, as well as in internalizing, externalizing and PTSD symptoms. No statistically significant differences were found between both treatment conditions; however, the Individual+Group condition turned out to be more efficient than the Individual modality. Furthermore, given the average number of sessions used, the treatment is at the limit of being considered brief. Among the results, differences were found between both sexes, finding greater affectation in boys in terms of the development of Externalizing Symptoms and Aggressive Behavior, while in girls higher scores in Somatic Complaints. Moreover, the greater affectation was also associated with greater reductions after psychological treatment. Finally, the possible relationship between these facts and gender socialization is exposed, so as to consider how this can influence the differential development of responses to the discomfort caused by parental gender based violence in children, as well as the differential reduction after treatment according to gender