Comparación de la dimensión fractal radiográfica periimplantaria usando la ostectomía convencional o la de baja velocidad, y análisis de la evolución de la dimensión fractal en los biomateriales utilizados en elevaciones sinusales e implantes dentales inmediatos

Abstract

Introduction: there are multiple tools to quantify the success or stability resulting from implant surgery, however, few study the trabecular changes that occur in the peri-implant surgical region. The analysis of fractal geometry or dimension can allow the study of self-similar forms in radiographs or CT scans, offering tools to quantify the complexity of natural structures such as bone structure, which is why its application in surgical processes that involve remodeling and replacement is valued. by new bone such as the osseointegration process after two different types of drilling or in biomaterials used in sinus elevations with immediate dental implants. Material and Methods: Two retrospective clinical trials were carried out. The first included a sample of 129 implants subjected to both biological and conventional drilling, with subsequent analysis of the fractal dimension as a comparative value of the state of the trabecular architecture. The second study included 35 patients who had undergone sinus elevation (n=51) with bone xenograft and immediate implants, in whom not only the fractal dimension was measured, but also the bone volume obtained after implant loading. Results: regarding the types of drilling, we did not find significant differences (p≥0.05) between the two study groups comparing both techniques. In sinus elevation, the data obtained from fractal dimension were statistically significant, as well as the changes in bone volume after 1 year of prosthetic loading. Conclusions: the fractal dimension tool is very useful for measuring trabecular changes in post-surgical regions.