La nueva comedia italiana doblada al castellanoanálisis descriptivo y contrastivo de la traducción del humor en el cine

Résumé

Translating humor is not usually an easy task due to its deep connection with the source language and culture. This becomes a more complicated endeavor in the case of audiovisual products since, in addition to the translation itself, the technical conventions and restrictions involved in each type of Audiovisual Translation task (in our case, dubbing) need to be respected as well. This premise constitutes the starting point from which we wish to explore this line of research in this doctoral dissertation, which is very complex but very thrilling at the same time, due to its challenging nature. The pertinence of this study stems from two main factors: the first one is related to the small number of contemporary Italian films that can be found in the Spanish film industry; the second one derives from the rather scarce presence of specific studies with a descriptive approach on the translation of humor in dubbed films from Italian to Spanish. The general objective of this contrastive study is to detect trends in the translation of humor in the field of dubbing by carrying out a descriptive analysis. The object of study is a corpus consisting of five comedies representative of contemporary Italian cinema. More specifically, they belong to the genre of the new Italian comedy which has inherited and updated some of the characteristics featuring the commedia all'italiana in its traditional sense. The main hypothesis of this study associates the presence of Italian comedies in the Spanish film market with the difficulties involved in conveying humor - especially verbal humor - into the target language and culture. The main objectives of this research are, firstly, to identify and classify the types of humoristic elements which predominate in the new Italian comedy. Secondly, to analyze how they are reflected in the original version and in the Spanish dubbed version. Finally, to detect operational trends in the Spanish dubbed versions, conceived as possible norms according to Toury's terminology (1995). With respect to the methodology, our study was divided in three main phases: the first one consisted in the development of the theoretical framework taking into account previous studies and presenting the current state of affairs in this field as a basis for the main study. The second phase consisted of the selection of Italian films that have been released in Spain over the last ten years, the elaboration of a corpus of humorous scenes and templates for the analysis. The third and last phase was devoted to the descriptive and contrastive analysis of the Italian-Spanish corpus and the collection and final analysis of the results. This dissertation is divided into five chapters. In the first one, we deal with Audiovisual Translation and its relationship with Descriptive Translation Studies; the second one focuses on humor, its translation and its translation for dubbing; in the third chapter, we dwell on the commedia all'italiana, its origin, its characteristics, its protagonists and its evolution up to the beginning of the 2000s, including the Italian comedy of the 1980s and 1990s. In the fourth chapter we describe and present the films that constitute our corpus and finally, in the fifth and last chapter, we analyze and discuss the results.