Las proyecciones imaginarias y oníricas como literatura

Abstract

What should be emphasized before beginning to make a study about dreams in literature and dreams as the same is an explanation of what is the dream. The dream would be a necessary process for the human being in which the imagination develops a fictitious content that sometimes has relation with the literary entity. Literature has used dreams as an exculpation to tell stories that were forbidden at one time or even as a liberation to exempt itself from the responsibility that would be to tell some serious facts while awake. Thus, dreams in the literary world often signify the absence of a censoring filter and, in turn, the liberation to explain desires in the textual world. For this reason, dreams are also linked to longings, to the true motivations of the human being, for in the absence of a filter, man's highest aspirations are manifested. These longings are produced in dreams because there is no social filter, there is no need to appear and, therefore, literature has made use of dreams as liberation and exculpation, as was the case in the Divine Comedy when it speaks of the events of hell, since at that time Dante would have been oppressed by the censorship of the time if he had not exculpated himself through the dream. On other occasions the dream has served as a warning in the literary world, thus, in classical Greek literature, as well as in the Bible, we find a whole world of warnings made by the gods to ordinary people through dreams. The god Apollo would be of great importance for being the god of dreams; anyway, we find a large number of warnings in dreams since the Iliad, because already in this work Zeus warns Agamemnon of how he should withdraw the troops. In the Bible warnings are given in a similar way as in Ancient Greece, in Genesis 20:3 we find how God warns Abimelech because of a sin he is committing, he is told that he will die for having taken a married woman. In addition, the biblical god not only gives negative warnings, but also promises goodness, as in the case of Jacob, who dreamed that a ladder ascended to heaven and that the angels moved along it, some ascending and others descending (Genesis 28:12), it was god who was at the top and therefore used this ladder as a means of communication between heaven and the conventional world. God promises to give Jacob the land on which he is lying sleeping, and also indicates that he will have descendants and that they will enjoy that land. The angel that appears to Joseph is another type of positive warning, generally to speak of purely dreams we should speak of a positivity that stands out over the negativity, since to emphasize the negative element would be nightmares. The positive warning that the angel gives is that the son of Mary comes from the Holy Spirit and not from a common man, this makes Joseph not to get rid of Mary and completely avoids the possible repudiation (although according to the story he would not repudiate her, since he did not want her to be stoned anyway, even though it was the custom of the time). Joseph dreams up to four times with an angel, the first time he reduces the anguish that he felt for the doubt of the son. In his second dream he is asked to save Jesus' life, in the third one he is asked to return to Israel and in the last one he is given a warning like those of Classical Greece: he is told to go to Galilee (this is when he goes to Nazareth). So we see that dreams are very present in the Bible and they are not only given as negative warnings, but also as good news, but always with the intention of changing events. A requirement of the biblical dream is that this only happens if it is going to change future events, this also happens in the Greek literature of the Iliad. As we said, dreams in literature also involve the desire for a future change, and this is the main theme of the work of Calderón de la Barca, who in La vida es sueño proposes to live freely without taking into account a destination, because it is a work that uses the theme of the dream to oppose the Catholic free will with the Protestant predestination and he would give it a more Catholic theme. For this reason we could also consider the literary dream as an excuse to give rise to liberation; the dream would be the stage without barriers and without limits that condition human acts. Dreams and imaginary projections are both those prefictional elements that human beings try to unravel in unfailing ways. In this study we are going to unravel both the dream and the imaginary projection using a study method that encompasses philosophy, psychology and philological work in order to better understand the relationship between the deep meaning of prefictional entities and literature. We will not only focus on the area of the prefictional one, but we will also study the area that exists before the intimate environment. Until now, only the public, private and intimate spheres have been studied, but there is one that is below this and is the one that occurs in daydreams and imaginative projections. The oneiric projections would be equivalent to the imaginative or imaginary projections but with a nuance, since they would be the succession of images, ideas and sensations that occur during the sleeping process. Therefore, imaginary projections could occur while awake or asleep, but it would be while asleep when we could call them dreamlike projections and therefore they would not cease to be a projection of the imaginary. To justify this type of projections we find Freud, who proposes the states of unconsciousness of the being, these determine that the unconscious works as a mechanism similar to the process of literary creation. In Don Quixote we know that Don Quixote goes mad and, therefore, suspends the conditions with which we understand reality and, in turn, it is this suspension that allows an imaginary world to supplant the real world, since Quixote sees as real that which is imaginary; in the dream the ability to discern whether something is real or imaginary is suspended because an imaginary world is generated that produces a parallel reality that fulfills all the conditions of a possible world. We know that Aristotle denied that ideas were real elements and argued that figures were attached to tangible objects and not to human thought