Comercio y alojamiento en las ciudades andalusíesestudio histórico-arqueológico del "Funduq" (Siglos VIII-XIII)

Resumo

This Doctoral Thesis aims to study the funduq (pl. fanādiq) in al-Andalus, that is, those buildings that served as places of accommodation and trade in Andalusian cities. Along with the souk and the alcaicería, the funduq was one of the infrastructures present in the urban planning of the Islamic territories. However, the information about it from architecture and archaeology was relatively scarce. For this reason, it was decided to analyse the origin, implementation and evolution of the funduq from its archaeological remains in a specific territory, al-Andalus, compiling in turn the information provided on these buildings in the written sources. To this end, an interdisciplinary methodology based on the analysis of written, Arabic and Latin sources, and archaeological sources, has been applied to approach the object of study from an integrating and complementary approach. The initial chapters of the Doctoral Thesis (introduction, starting hypothesis and objectives, materials and methodology, and state of the art) present the funduq as an object of study, justify the choice of this topic, collect the starting points of the research, the chronological and geographical framework of the study, the general and specific objectives set, as well as the sources and the methodology used. The state of the art values the information about the funduq obtained from different studies and perspectives. This has been structured starting from the most general themes, such as the economy and trade in the Medieval Mediterranean and the lodging and trade buildings in Medieval Islam, until reaching the most specific, that is, the research carried out about the funduq in the Iberian peninsula. The body of the Doctoral Thesis is divided into two blocks, the first collects the information provided by the written sources about the funduq and the second the archaeological evidence of fanādiq. A compilation of archaeological case studies has been done and a specific chapter has been dedicated to the Recinto I of San Esteban archaeological site (Murcia, Spain) from which we have been able to obtain direct analysis data from the co-direction of the archaeological intervention. Each one of the chapters ends with an assessment and synthesis of the collected data, among which can be found, for example, a functional classification of these buildings, a compilation of the people who could be part of the clientele or the employees of a funduq, the list of determined archaeological indicators, the classification and global interpretation of the case studies analysed and a working model for the archaeologically identification of a funduq. The conclusions reached during the investigation are presented in the final chapters, followed by the bibliographical relationship used and the annexes, as direct consultation tools among which are several indexes and a catalog with the analysed Andalusian archaeological case studies.