Nutrition, weight control, and weight control risk knowledge, and dietary and weight regulation practice in elite gymnast of different levels of competition

  1. Andrea Visiedo 1
  2. Jilliam E. Frideres 2
  3. José Manuel Palao 3
  1. 1 Department of Physical Activity and Sport. University of Murcia, Spain
  2. 2 FoodWise. University of Wisconsin-Extension, United States
  3. 3 epartment of Health, Exercise Science and Sport, Management. University of Wisconsin, United States.
Show affiliations +
Journal:
European Journal of Human Movement

ISSN: 0214-0071,  2386-4095

Year of publication: 2019

Issue: 43

Pages: 131-144

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: European Journal of Human Movement

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of nutrition, weight control, and weight control risk knowledge, and dietary and weight regulation practice of female gymnast of different levels of competition (regional, national, and international). The sample was 39 female rhythmic and aesthetic gymnastics athletes from the different levels of competition (15 gymnasts from regional level, 12 gymnasts from national level, and 12 gymnasts from international level). A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge nutrition, weight control, and weight control risk knowledge and dietary practice. National and international gymnast had higher nutrition and weight control knowledge than regional gymnast. National and international gymnast skip more meals and have a significantly reduce intake of fruit, vegetables, and meat than regional gymnast. Gymnast of regional, national and international level do not have a proper perception about their knowledge and their risk of weight control on their bodies. This lack of adequate perception made recommended monitor the perception of these populations and provide them specific educational training.

Bibliographic References

  • Arends, J. C., Cheung, M-Y. C., Barrack, M. T., & Nattiv, A. (2012). Restoration of menses with non-pharmacologic therapy in college athletes with menstrual disturbances: A 5- year retrospective study. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 22(2), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1123/ ijsnem.22.2.98
  • Boros, K. (2009). Dietary habits and physical self-concept of elite rhythmic gymnasts. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 1, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.2478/ v10101-009-0001-2
  • Coppola, S., Vastola, R., Scatigna, M., & Fabiani, L. (2014, December). Training and health in gymnastics. 9th INSHS International Christmas Sport Scientific Conference, International Network of Sport and Health Science. Szombathely, Hungary.
  • Cupisti, A., D' Alessandro, C, Castrogiovanni, S., Barale, A., & Morelli, E. (2002). Nutrition knowledge and dietary composition in Italian adolescent female athletes and non-athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 12, 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.12.2.207
  • D’Alessandro, C, Morelli, E., Evagelisti, I., Galetta, F., Franzoni, F., Lazzeri, D. et al. (2007). Profiling the diet and body composition of sub-elite adolescent rhythmic gymnasts. Pediatric Exercise Science, 19, 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.19.2.215
  • Deutz, R. C., Benardot, D., Martin, D. E., & Cody, M. M. (2000). Relationship between energy deficits and body composition in elite female gymnasts and runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(3), 659-668.
  • Douda, H., Laparidis, K., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2002). Long-term training indices specific adaptations on the physique of rhythmic sports and female artistic gymnasts. European Journal of Sport Science, 2(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390200072304
  • Franchini, E., Brito, C. J., & Artioli, G. G. (2012). Weight loss in combat sports: physiological, psychological and performance effects. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/ 1550-2783-9-52
  • Gómez-Campos, R., Camargo, C., Arruda, M., & Cossio-Bolanos, M. A. (2013). Crecimiento físico y estado nutricional de gimnastas rítmicas de élite [Physical growth and nutritional status of elite rhythmic gymnasts]. Nutricion clínica y dietetica hospitalaria, 33(1):31-37.
  • Jonnalagadda, S. S., Benardot, D., & Nelson, M. (1998). Energy and nutrients intakes of the United States national women’s artistic gymnastics team. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 8(4), 331-244. https://doi.org/ 10.1123/ijsn.8.4.331
  • Karabudak, E., Köksal, E., Ertaş, Y., & Küçükerdönmez, Ö. (2016). Dietary intake of Turkish gymnast and non‐gymnast children. Nutrition & Dietetics, 73(2), 184-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12191
  • Klentrou, P., Plyley, M. (2003). Onset of puberty, menstrual frequency, and body fat in elite rhythmic gymnasts compared with normal control. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 490-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.6.490
  • Koivula, N., Hassme 'N, P. & Fallby, J. (2002). Self-esteem and perfectionism in elite athletes: Effects on competitive anxiety and self-confidence. Personality and Individual Differences. 32: 865-875.
  • Łagowska, K., Kapczuk, K., Friebe, Z., & Bajerska, J. (2014). Effects of dietary intervention in young female athletes with menstrual disorders. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 11(1), 21.
  • Lopez- Valera, S., Montero, A., Kumar-Chandra, R., & Marcos, A. (2000). Nutritional status of young female elite gymnasts. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. 70(4):185-90.
  • Marina, M & Rodriguez, F.A. Physiological demands of young women's competitive gymnastic routines. 2014. Biology of Sport, 31(3),217-22
  • Michopoulou, E., Avloniti, A., Kambas, A., Leontsini, D., Michalopoulou, M., Tournis, S., & Fatouros, I. G. (2011). Elite premenarcheal rhythmic gymnasts demonstrate energy and dietary intake deficiencies during periods of intense training. Pediatric exercise science, 23(4), 560-572.
  • Miletic, D, Katic R and Males, B. (2004). Some anthropologic factors of performance in rhythmic gymnastics novices. Collegium Antropologicum. 28(2),727-737.
  • Nattiv, A., Loucks, A. B., Manore, M. M., Sanborn, C. F., Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Warren, M.P. (2007). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(10), 1867-1882.
  • Nordin, S.M., Harris, G and Cumming, J. (2003). Disturbed eating in young, competitive gymnasts: differences between three gymnastics disciplines. European Journal of Sport Science, 3.5.
  • Nova E, Montero A, Varela-Lopez S, Marcos A. (2001). Are elite gymnasts really malnourished? Evaluation of diet, anthropometry and immunocompetence. Nutrition Research, 21, 15-27.
  • O'Connor, P. J., Lewis, R. D., Kirchner, E. M., & Cook, D. B. (1996). Eating disorder symptoms in former female college gymnasts: relations with body composition. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 64(6), 840-843.
  • International Gymnastics Federation (2016). Rhythmic gymnastics rules. Retrieved in April 21, 2016 available in: http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/site/rules/disciplines/rg
  • Palao, J. M., Morante, J. C. (2013). Chapter 17. Technical effectiveness (pp. 213-224). In T. McGarry, P. O´Donoghue, & J. Sampaio (editors). Routledge Handbook of Sports Performance Analysis. London: Routledge.
  • Picard, C. L. (1999). The level of competition as a factor for the development of eating disorders in female collegiate athletes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, 583-594.
  • Plowman, S. A.,Smith, D. L. (2013). Exercise physiology for health fitness and performance. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Roupas, N.D., Georgopoulos, N. (2011). Menstrual function in sports. Hormones, 10(2),104-116
  • Souza-Menezes, L., Novaes, J., & Fernandes-Filho, J. 2014. Somatotipo de atletas y practicantes de gimnasia rítmica prepubescentes y postpubescentes. International Journal of Morphology, 32, 3.
  • Sundgot-Borgen J. (1996). Eating disorders, energy intake, training volume, and menstrual function in high-level modern rhythmic gymnasts. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 6(2),100-109.
  • Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2004). Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(1), 25-32.
  • Temme ,K. E., & Hoch, A. Z. (2013). Recognition and rehabilitation of the female athlete triad/tetrad: A multidisciplinary approach. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 12(3), 190-199.
  • Visiedo, A., Frideres, J. E. & Palao, J. M. (2017). Design, validation and reliability of survey to measure the knowledge in nutrition, weight control and its risk. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 20(4), 39-51.
Data source: Dialnet