Actitudes transfóbicas y victimización de las personas transgénero en la infancia y la adolescencia

Résumé

Objective This doctoral thesis sought to investigate the victimization of transgender children and adolescents and its relationship with transphobic attitudes acquired in the educational process. For this, an investigation was carried out that included three studies with different methodologies. The development of the works presented follows a sequence whose purpose is that the conclusions generated in an investigation serve as a starting point for the following study. Methodology The thesis begins with a systematic review, structured in levels of evidence, which examines the factors that influence the victimization of trans people during the school stage. The methodology used was the bibliographic search in electronic databases (Pubmed/Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Lilacs and Web of Science), of studies published as of 01/01/2000, focused on the victimization of trans people during the school stage. Initially 3,252 publications were located. Finally, 19 articles were included in the systematic review. Subsequently, a qualitative phenomenological study was developed, the objective of this study was to know the experiences of victimization of trans people in the school environment through the words of the protagonists and their families. The population of this study was composed of 10 trans adolescents between 11 and 16 years of age and their families residing in the Region of Murcia and the Valencian Community. Finally, an observational cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out, in which it was intended to study the transphobic attitudes of university students according to gender. A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of university students belonging to different Spanish universities. The protocol used includes a questionnaire made up of 148 items. Results The most relevant results showed us the existence of different factors (psychosocial, sociodemographic, personal, environmental and individual) that influence the victimization of transgender people during the school stage. In addition, numerous negative consequences derived from the victimization process have been highlighted. On the other hand, this review points out the need for intervention on the factors that have a psychological and social impact on the victimization process. On the other hand, the main results of the qualitative study highlight the school victimization suffered by trans primary and secondary students from two autonomous communities in Spain, as well as the consequences of bullying suffered at the academic level and at different levels of health. In addition, it suggests the importance of integrating specific resources in the school to prevent and eradicate school victimization in trans children and adolescents, At a descriptive level, our results indicate a greater transphobic attitude in boys than in girls and non-binary people. Finally, a significant relationship was established between the study variable and parenting styles, highlighting less transphobia in those students who received more care from both parents. Although this study completes the planned work to a certain extent, several perspectives remain open for the development of future lines of research in this field, which are commented on at the end of this work. Conclusions This thesis highlights the school victimization suffered by trans primary and secondary students in two autonomous communities in Spain, as well as the consequences of bullying suffered at the academic level and at different levels of health. In this sense, the need to offer information about trans people to students is highlighted in order to promote gender diversity, thus avoiding the different forms of victimization of trans people, and the negative consequences that this process causes in children and adolescents. adolescents hindering their development at the biopsychosocial level.