Programa Stop & Gopruebas de campo para la identificación del riesgo de lesión en jugadores jóvenes de deportes de equipo
- Robles-Palazón, Francisco Javier 1
- Cejudo, Antonio 1
- Aparicio-Sarmiento, Alba 1
- Sainz de Baranda, Pilar 1
- Ayala, Francisco 1
- 1 Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia. Grupo de investigación Aparato Locomotor y Deporte (RAQUIS), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia
ISSN: 2695-6713
Año de publicación: 2021
Título del ejemplar: Julio-Diciembre
Número: 4
Páginas: 59-86
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: JUMP: Journal of Universal Movement and Performance
Resumen
The main aim of this study is to describe the battery of questionnaires and field-based tests proposed by the Stop & Go programme for the assessment of the main risk factors for lower extremity injury in youth athletes. The 4 questionnaires and 21 field-based tests that comprise the Stop & Go battery were selected according to scientific criteria (high validity and reliability scores) and can be grouped into three main parts. The first part includes procedures aimed at obtaining information related to the athletes’ personal or individual characteristics (e.g., body composition, maturity status and sports experience). The second part includes a series of questionnaires that assess psychological constructs related to sport performance (e.g., anxiety, stress and motivation). Finally, the third part presents physical tests designed to assess a large number of physical performance measures (e.g., jump height and length, and 30 m sprint time), mechanics of fundamental motor skills (e.g., landing after jumping actions and change of direction), neuromuscular capacity (e.g., muscle stiffness, static and dynamic stability), sagittal integral morphotype, and lower extremity joints range of motion. For those scenarios where there are significant time constraints and limited human and equipment resources, this study also presents a basic or reduced proposal composed of only 6 assessment tests. In particular, this basic proposal brings together those tests that, in the authors’ opinion, could be considered as the minimum necessary for the identification of athletes with a high probability of suffering a lower extremity soft tissue (muscle, tendon or ligament) injury.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Aarts, D., Barendrecht, M., Kemler, E., y Gouttebarge, V. (2021). The prevention of injuries among youth basketballers according to the “Sequence of Prevention”: a systematic review. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(1), 1-12.
- Allen, A. N., Wasserman, E. B., Williams, R. M., Simon, J. E., Dompier, T. P., Kerr, Z. Y., y Snyder Valier, A. R. (2019). Epidemiology of secondary school boys’ and girls’ basketball injuries: National athletic treatment, injury and outcomes network. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(11), 1179-1186. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-330-18
- Andrade, E., Arce, C., Armental, J., Rodríguez, M., y de Francisco, C. (2008). Indicadores del estado de ánimo en deportistas adolescentes según el modelo multidimensional del POMS. Psicothema, 20(4), 630-635.
- Auhuber, L., Vogel, M., Grafe, N., Kiess, W., y Poulain, T. (2019). Leisure activities of healthy children and adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122078
- Ayala, F., Moreno-Pérez, V., Vera-García, F. J., Moya, M., Sanz-Rivas, D., y Fernandez-Fernandez, J. (2016). Acute and time-course effects of traditional and dynamic warm-up routines in young elite junior tennis players. PLOS ONE, 11(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152790
- Bahr, R. (2016). Why screening tests to predict injury do not work—and probably never will...: a critical review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(13), 776–780. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096256
- Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Glaister, M., y Lockey, R. A. (2015). The validity and reliability of an iPhone app for measuring vertical jump performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(15), 1574–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.996184
- Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Romero-Franco, N., y Jiménez-Reyes, P. (2019). Concurrent validity and reliability of an iPhone app for the measurement of ankle dorsiflexion and inter-limb asymmetries. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(3), 249–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1494908
- Bastos, F. N., Vanderlei, F. M., Vanderlei, L. C. M., Júnior, J. N., y Pastre, C. M. (2013). Investigation of characteristics and risk factors of sports injuries in young soccer players: a retrospective study. International Archives of Medicine, 6(14), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-7682-6-14
- Bere, T., Kruczynski, J., Veintimilla, N., Hamu, Y., y Bahr, R. (2015). Injury risk is low among world-class volleyball players: 4-year data from the FIVB Injury Surveillance System. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(17), 1132–1137. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094959
- Beunen, G., y Malina, R. M. (1988). Growth and physical performance relative to the timing of the adolescent spurt. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 16(1), 503-540.
- Bishop, D. (2003). Warm up II: performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Medicine, 33(7), 483-498.
- Brotons-Gil, E., García-Vaquero, M. P., Peco-González, N., y Vera-García, F. J. (2013). Flexion-rotation trunk test to assess abdominal muscle endurance: reliability, learning effect, and sex differences. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(6), 1602-1608.
- Buela-Casal, G., Guillén-Riquelme, A., y Seisdedos Cubero, N. (2011). Cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo: adaptación española. Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
- Cejudo, A., Armada-Zarco, J. M., Izzo, R., y Sainz de Baranda, P. (2021). Perfil de fuerza isométrica máxima de los rotadores de la cadera de un equipo senior de fútbol. Journal of Universal Movement and Performance, (4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.17561/jump.n4.1
- Cejudo, A., Sainz de Baranda, P., Ayala, F., De Ste Croix, M., y Santonja-Medina, F. (2020). Assessment of the range of movement of the lower limb in sport: advantages of the Rom-Sport I battery. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207606
- Cómez-Mármol, A., Sánchez-Alcaraz, B. J., De la Cruz, E., Valero, A., y González-Víllora, S. (2017). Personal and social responsibility development through sport participation in youth scholars. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(2), 775-782. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.02118
- Cook, G., Burton, L., y Hoogenboom, B. (2006). Pre-participation screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function - part 2. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 1(3), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1382055
- Crane, J., y Temple, V. (2015). A systematic review of dropout from organized sport among children and youth. European Physical Education Review, 21(1), 114-131.
- Dalleau, G., Belli, A., Viale, F., Lacour, J. R., y Bourdin, M. (2004). A simple method for field measurements of leg stiffness in hopping. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(3), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-45252
- De Ridder, R., Witvrouw, E., Dolphens, M., Roosen, P., y Van Ginckel, A. (2017). Hip strength as an intrinsic risk factor for lateral ankle sprains in youth soccer players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(2), 410-416.
- Della Villa, F., Buckthorpe, M., Grassi, A., Nabiuzzi, A., Tosarelli, F., Zaffagnini, S., y Della Villa, S. (2020). Systematic video analysis of ACL injuries in professional male football (soccer): injury mechanisms, situational patterns and biomechanics study on 134 consecutive cases. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(23), 1423–1432. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101247
- Dingenen, B., Malfait, B., Vanrenterghem, J., Robinson, M. A., Verschueren, S. M. P., y Staes, F. F. (2015). Can two-dimensional measured peak sagittal plane excursions during drop vertical jumps help identify three-dimensional measured joint moments? Knee, 22(2), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2014.12.006
- División de Estadística y Estudios. Secretaría General Técnica - Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte (2021). Anuario de estadísticas deportivas 2021. Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano/estadisticas/deportes/anuario-de-estadisticas-deportivas.html
- Donath, L., Roth, R., Zahner, L., y Faude, O. (2012). Testing single and double limb standing balance performance: comparison of COP path length evaluation between two devices. Gait and Posture, 36(3), 439-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.04.001
- Dos’Santos, T., McBurnie, A., Donelon, T., Thomas, C., Comfort, P., y Jones, P. A. (2019). A qualitative screening tool to identify athletes with ‘high-risk’ movement mechanics during cutting: the cutting movement assessment score (CMAS). Physical Therapy in Sport, 38, 152-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.05.004
- Ellenbecker, T. S., Ellenbecker, G. A., Roetert, E. P., Silva, R. T., Keuter, G., y Sperling, F. (2007). Descriptive profile of hip rotation range of motion in elite tennis players and professional baseball pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(8), 1371-1376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507300260
- Faude, O., Rössler, R., Petushek, E. J., Roth, R., Zahner, L., y Donath, L. (2017). Neuromuscular adaptations to multimodal injury prevention programs in youth sports: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 791. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00791
- Flanagan, E. P., y Comyns, T. M. (2008). The use of contact time and the reactive strength index to optimize fast stretch-shortening cycle training. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 30(5), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318187e25b
- Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Montalvo, A. M., Lloyd, R. S., Read, P., y Myer, G. D. (2017). Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the Modified Tuck Jump Assessment. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(1), 117-124.
- Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Romero-Rodriguez, D., Montalvo, A. M., Kiefer, A. W., Lloyd, R. S., y Myer, G. D. (2016). Integrative neuromuscular training in youth athletes. Part I: identifying risk factors. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 38(4), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000234
- Fousekis, K., Tsepis, E., Poulmedis, P., Athanasopoulos, S., y Vagenas, G. (2011). Intrinsic risk factors of non-contact quadriceps and hamstring strains in soccer: a prospective study of 100 professional players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(9), 709-714. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.077560
- Fransen, J., Skorski, S., y Baxter-Jones, A. D. . (2021). Estimating is not measuring: the use of non-invasive estimations of somatic maturity in youth football. Science and Medicine in Football, 5(4), 261-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2021.1975808
- Gimeno, F., Buceta, J. M., y Pérez-Llanta, M. (2001). El cuestionario «Características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivo» (CPRD): características psicométricas. Análise Psicológica, 11(1), 93-113. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.346
- Gokeler, A., y Dingenen, B. (2019). Between-session and inter-rater reliability of the modified tuck jump assessment in healthy adult athletes. Physical Therapy in Sport, 37, 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.02.002
- Grindem, H., Logerstedt, D., Eitzen, I., Moksnes, H., Axe, M. J., Snyder-Mackler, L., Engebretsen, L., y Risberg, M. A. (2011). Single-Legged Hop Tests as Predictors of Self-Reported Knee Function in Nonoperatively Treated Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(11), 2347-2354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511417085
- Herrington, L., y Munro, A. (2010). Drop jump landing knee valgus angle; normative data in a physically active population. Physical Therapy in Sport, 11(2), 56-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2009.11.004
- Hewett, T. E., Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Heidt, R. S., Colosimo, A. J., McLean, S. G., van den Bogert, A. J., Paterno, M. V., y Succop, P. (2005). Biomechanical Measures of Neuromuscular Control and Valgus Loading of the Knee Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Female Athletes: A Prospective Study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(4), 492-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504269591
- Hulteen, R. M., Smith, J. J., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Hallal, P. C., Colyvas, K., y Lubans, D. R. (2017). Global participation in sport and leisure-time physical activities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine, 95, 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.027
- Johnson, D. M., Williams, S., Bradley, B., Sayer, S., Murray Fisher, J., y Cumming, S. (2020). Growing pains: maturity associated variation in injury risk in academy football. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(4), 544-552. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1633416
- Juan-Recio, C., Barbado, D., López-Valenciano, A., y Vera-García, F. J. (2014). Test de campo para valorar la resistencia de los músculos del tronco. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 3(117), 59–68.
- Kemper, G. L. J., van der Sluis, A., Brink, M. S., Visscher, C., Frencken, W. G. P., y Elferink-Gemser, M. T. (2015). Anthropometric injury risk factors in elite-standard youth soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(13), 1112-1117. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1555778
- Khamis, H. J., y Roche, A. F. (1994). Predicting adult stature without using skeletal age: the Khamis-Roche method. Pediatrics, 94(4), 504-507.
- Kleinert, J. (2007). Mood states and perceived physical states as short term predictors of sport injuries: two prospective studies. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(4), 340-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2007.9671840
- Krosshaug, T., Nakamae, A., Boden, B. P., Engebretsen, L., Smith, G., Slauterbeck, J. R., Hewett, T. E., y Bahr, R. (2007). Mechanisms of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Basketball: Video Analysis of 39 Cases. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(3), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506293899
- Larruskain, J., Lekue, J. A., Martin-Garetxana, I., Barrio, I., McCall, A., y Gil, S. M. (2021). Injuries are negatively associated with player progression in an elite football academy. Science and Medicine in Football (Ahead of print). https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2021.1943756
- Li, H., Moreland, J. J., Peek-Asa, C., y Yang, J. (2017). Preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms and prospective injury risk in collegiate athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(9), 2148–2155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517702847
- Lindblom, H., Hägglund, M., y Sonesson, S. (2021). Intra- and interrater reliability of subjective assessment of the drop vertical jump and tuck jump in youth athletes. Physical Therapy in Sport, 47, 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.11.031
- Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Hughes, M. G., y Williams, C. A. (2009). Reliability and validity of field-based measures of leg stiffness and reactive strength index in youths. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(14), 1565–1573. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903311572
- Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Myer, G. D., De Ste Croix, M., Wass, J., y Read, P. J. (2019). Comparison of drop jump and tuck jump knee joint kinematics in elite male youth soccer players: implications for injury risk screening. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 29(6), 760–765.
- López-Valenciano, A., Ayala, F., Puerta, J. M., DE Ste Croix, M., Vera-Garcia, F. J., Hernández-Sánchez, S., Ruiz-Pérez, I., y Myer, G. D. (2018). A preventive model for muscle injuries: a novel approach based on learning algorithms. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(5), 915-927. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001535
- Maffulli, N., Longo, U. G., Gougoulias, N., Loppini, M., y Denaro, V. (2010). Long-term health outcomes of youth sports injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(1), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.069526
- Materne, O., Farooq, A., Johnson, A., Greig, M., y McNaughton, L. (2016). Relationship between injuries and somatic maturation in highly trained youth soccer players. En T. Favero, B. Drust, y B. Dawson (Eds.), International research in science and soccer II (pp. 182-192). Abingdon: Routledge.
- Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Bailey, D. A., y Beunen, G. P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(4), 689-694. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200204000-00020
- Mohammad, W. S., Elattar, F. F., Elsais, W. M., y AlDajah, S. O. (2021). Validity and reliability of a smartphone and digital inclinometer in measuring the lower extremity joints range of motion. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(2), Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.210907
- Munro, A. G., y Herrington, L. C. (2011). Between-session reliability of four hop tests and the agility T-test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(5), 1470-1477.
- Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Brent, J. L., y Hewett, T. E. (2012). An integrated approach to change the outcome part II: targeted neuromuscular training techniques to reduce identified ACL injury risk factors. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(8), 2272-2292. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31825c2c7d
- Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., y Hewett, T. E. (2008). Tuck jump assessment for reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Athletic Therapy Today, 13(5), 39-44.
- Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., y Hewett, T. E. (2011). New method to identify athletes at high risk of ACL injury using clinic-based measurements and freeware computer analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(4), 238-244. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.072843
- Naderi, A., Shaabani, F., Zandi, H. G., Calmeiro, L., y Brewer, B. W. (2020). The effects of a mindfulness-based program on the incidence of injuries in young male soccer players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 42(2), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSEP.2019-0003
- Noyes, F. R., Barber, S. D., y Mangine, R. E. (1991). Abnormal lower limb symmetry determined by function hop tests after Anterior Cruciate Ligament rupture. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(5), 513-518.
- Oliver, J. L., Ayala, F., De Ste Croix, M. B. A., Lloyd, R. S., Myer, G. D., y Read, P. J. (2020). Using machine learning to improve our understanding of injury risk and prediction in elite male youth football players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(11), 1044-1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.021
- Organización Mundial de la Salud (2020). Directrices de la OMS sobre actividad física y hábitos sedentarios: de un vistazo. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337004
- Owoeye, O. B. A., Ghali, B., Befus, K., Stilling, C., Hogg, A., Choi, J., Palacios-Derflingher, L., Pasanen, K., y Emery, C. A. (2020). Epidemiology of all-complaint injuries in youth basketball. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 30(12), 2466-2476. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13813
- Parr, J., Winwood, K., Hodson-Tole, E., Deconinck, F. J. A., Parry, L., Hill, J. P., Malina, R., y Cumming, S. P. (2020). Predicting the timing of the peak of the pubertal growth spurt in elite male youth soccer players: evaluation of methods. Annals of Human Biology, 47(4), 400-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2020.1782989
- Pedley, J. S., Lloyd, R. S., Read, P. J., Moore, I. S., De Ste Croix, M., Myer, G. D., y Oliver, J. L. (2020). Utility of kinetic and kinematic jumping and landing variables as predictors of injury risk: a systematic review. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2(4), 287-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-020-00090-1
- Peterson, L., Junge, A., Chomiak, J., Graf-Baumann, T., y Dvorak, J. (2000). Incidence of football injuries and complaints in different age groups and skill-level groups. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5 Suppl), 51–57.
- Philippaerts, R. M., Vaeyens, R., Janssens, M., Van Renterghem, B., Matthys, D., Craen, R., Bourgois, J., Vrijens, J., Beunen, G., y Malina, R. M. (2006). The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(3), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500189371
- Plisky, P. J., Rauh, M. J., Kaminski, T. W., y Underwood, F. B. (2006). Star excursion balance test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 36(12), 911–919. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2244
- Pollard, C. D., Sigward, S. M., y Powers, C. M. (2010). Limited hip and knee flexion during landing is associated with increased frontal plane knee motion and moments. Clinical Biomechanics, 25(2), 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.10.005
- Powell, J. W., y Barber-Foss, K. D. (2000). Sex-related injury patterns among selected high school sports. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 385-391. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280031801
- Racine, K., Warren, M., Smith, C., y Lininger, M. R. (2021). Reliability of the tuck jump assessment using standardized rater training. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 16(1), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.18662
- Rajabi, R., Doherty, P., Goodarzi, M., y Hemayattalab, R. (2008). Comparison of thoracic kyphosis in two groups of elite Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers and a group of non-athletic participants. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(3), 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.033639
- Raya-González, J., Clemente, F. M., Beato, M., y Castillo, D. (2020). Injury profile of male and female senior and youth handball players: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3925. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113925
- Read, P. J., Oliver, J. L., De Ste Croix, M. B. A., Myer, G. D., y Lloyd, R. S. (2016). Neuromuscular risk factors for knee and ankle ligament injuries in male youth soccer players. Sports Medicine, 46(8), 1059-1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0479-z
- Read, P. J., Oliver, J. L., De Ste Croix, M. B. A., Myer, G. D., y Lloyd, R. S. (2018a). A prospective investigation to evaluate risk factors for lower extremity injury risk in male youth soccer players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(3), 1244-1251. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13013
- Read, P. J., Oliver, J. L., De Ste Croix, M. B. A., Myer, G. D., y Lloyd, R. S. (2018b). Landing kinematics in elite male youth soccer players of different chronologic ages and stages of maturation. Journal of Athletic Training, 53(4), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-493-16
- Read, P. J., Oliver, J. L., Myer, G. D., y Lloyd, R. S. (2019). Reducing injury risk in young athletes. En R. S. Lloyd, y J. L. Oliver (Eds.), Strength and conditioning for young athletes (pp. 336-361). New York: Routledge.
- Robles-Palazón, F. J., López-Valenciano, A., De Ste Croix, M., Oliver, J. L., García-Gómez, A., Sainz de Baranda, P., y Ayala, F. (2021). Epidemiology of injuries in male and female youth football players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of sport and health science, S2095-2546(21)00109-5. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2021.10.002
- Robles-Palazón, F. J., Ruiz-Pérez, I., Oliver, J. L., Ayala, F., y Sainz de Baranda, P. (2021). Reliability, validity, and maturation-related differences of frontal and sagittal plane landing kinematic measures during drop jump and tuck jump screening tests in male youth soccer players. Physical Therapy in Sport, 50, 206–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.05.009
- Romero-Franco, N., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Castaño-Zambudio, A., Capelo-Ramírez, F., Rodríguez-Juan, J. J., González-Hernández, J., Toscano-Bendala, F. J., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V., y Balsalobre-Fernández, C. (2017). Sprint performance and mechanical outputs computed with an iPhone app: comparison with existing reference methods. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(4), 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1249031
- Rommers, N., Rössler, R., Verhagen, E., Vandecasteele, F., Verstockt, S., Vaeyens, R., Lenoir, M., D’Hondt, E., y Witvrouw, E. (2020). A machine learning approach to assess injury risk in elite youth football players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 52(8), 1745-1751. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002305
- Rössler, R., Junge, A., Chomiak, J., Němec, K., Dvorak, J., Lichtenstein, E., y Faude, O. (2018). Risk factors for football injuries in young players aged 7 to 12 years. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(3), 1176-1182. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12981
- Ruiz-Pérez, I., López-Valenciano, A., Hernández-Sánchez, S., Puerta-Callejón, J. M., De Ste Croix, M., Sainz de Baranda, P., y Ayala, F. (2021). A field-based approach to determine soft tissue injury risk in elite futsal using novel machine learning techniques. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.610210
- Sainz de Baranda, P., Santonja, F., y Rodríguez-Iniesta, M. (2010). Tiempo de entrenamiento y plano sagital del raquis en gimnastas de trampolín. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de La Actividad Física y El Deporte, 10(40), 521-536.
- Samozino, P., Rabita, G., Dorel, S., Slawinski, J., Peyrot, N., Saez de Villarreal, E., y Morin, J. B. (2016). A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 26(6), 648-658. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12490
- Santonja, F. (1996). Las desviaciones sagitales del raquis y su relación con la práctica deportiva. En V. Ferrer, L. Martínez, y F. Santonja (Eds.), Escolar: Medicina y Deporte (pp. 251-268). Albacete: Diputación Provincial de Albacete.
- Sanz-Mengibar, J. M., Sainz de Baranda, P., y Santonja-Medina, F. (2018). Training intensity and sagittal curvature of the spine in male and female artistic gymnasts. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(4), 465-471. https://doi.org/10.23736/s0022-4707.17.06880-3
- Shaffer, S. W., Teyhen, D. S., Lorenson, C. L., Warren, R. L., Koreerat, C. M., Straseske, C. A., y Childs, J. D. (2013). Y-balance test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Military Medicine, 178(11), 1264-1270. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00222
- Sharp, A. P., Cronin, J. B., y Neville, J. (2019). Using smartphones for jump diagnostics: a brief review of the validity and reliability of the My Jump app. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 41(5), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000472
- Sigward, S. M., Ota, S., y Powers, C. M. (2008). Predictors of frontal plane knee excursion during a drop land in young female soccer players. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 38(11), 661-667. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.2695
- Soligard, T., Myklebust, G., Steffen, K., Holme, I., Silvers, H., Bizzini, M., Junge, A., Dvorak, J., Bahr, R., y Andersen, T. E. (2008). Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 337, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2469
- Steffen, K., Pensgaard, A. M., y Bahr, R. (2009). Self-reported psychological characteristics as risk factors for injuries in female youth football. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(3), 442-451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00797.x
- Taylor, J. B., Ford, K. R., Nguyen, A. D., y Shultz, S. J. (2016). Biomechanical comparison of single- and double-leg jump landings in the sagittal and frontal plane. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116655158
- Taylor, K. L., Sheppard, J. M., Lee, H., y Plummer, N. (2009). Negative effect of static stretching restored when combined with a sport specific warm-up component. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(6), 657-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2008.04.004
- Theisen, D., Frisch, A., Malisoux, L., Urhausen, A., Croisier, J. L., y Seil, R. (2013). Injury risk is different in team and individual youth sport. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(3), 200–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.07.007
- Thomas, K., French, D., y Hayes, P. R. (2009). The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 332–335.
- Thorborg, K., Petersen, J., Magnusson, S. P., y Hölmich, P. (2010). Clinical assessment of hip strength using a hand-held dynamometer is reliable. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20(3), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00958.x
- Towlson, C., Salter, J., Ade, J. D., Enright, K., Harper, L. D., Page, R. M., y Malone, J. J. (2021). Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: one size does not fit all. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(4), 403-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.003
- Van Boekel, M., Bulut, O., Stanke, L., Palma Zamora, J. R., Jang, Y., Kang, Y., y Nickodem, K. (2016). Effects of participation in school sports on academic and social functioning. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 46, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.05.002
- van der Sluis, A., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Nijboer, J. A., Brink, M. S., y Visscher, C. (2014). Sport injuries aligned to peak height velocity in talented pubertal soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(4), 351-355.
- Van Dieën, J. H., Luger, T., y Van Der Eb, J. (2012). Effects of fatigue on trunk stability in elite gymnasts. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(4), 1307-1313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2082-1
- van Mechelen, W., Hlobil, H., y Kemper, H. C. G. (1992). Incidence, severity, aetiology and prevention of sports injuries. Sports Medicine, 14(2), 82-99.
- Verhagen, E., Bolling, C., y Finch, C. F. (2015). Caution this drug may cause serious harm! why we must report adverse effects of physical activity promotion. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093604
- Waldén, M., Krosshaug, T., Bjørneboe, J., Andersen, T. E., Faul, O., y Hägglund, M. (2015). Three distinct mechanisms predominate in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players: a systematic video analysis of 39 cases. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(22), 1452-1460. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094573
- Weir, G., Alderson, J., Smailes, N., Elliott, B., y Donnelly, C. (2019). A reliable video-based ACL injury screening tool for female team sport athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(3), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0756-9659
- Wodecki, P., Guigui, P., Hanotel, M. C., Cardinne, L., y Deburge, A. (2002). Sagittal alignment of the spine: comparison between soccer players and subjects without sports activities. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l’Appareil Moteur, 88(4), 328-336.