Collaborative Networking in Education: Learning Across International Contexts

  1. Cecilia Azorín 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Murcia
    info

    Universidad de Murcia

    Murcia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03p3aeb86

Aldizkaria:
REICE: Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación

ISSN: 1696-4713

Argitalpen urtea: 2022

Alea: 20

Zenbakia: 3

Orrialdeak: 63-80

Mota: Artikulua

Beste argitalpen batzuk: REICE: Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación

Laburpena

There is growing consensus on the need to prepare future generations in environments of collaboration and cooperation. This way of understanding education cross borders in the quest for networking. A wide range of theoretical bases supports networking, which underlines its potential in the educational arena. There are few comparative studies that explore the forms that networking takes in education at the international level. This article discusses a series of examples from various countries in order to add to the current knowledge about networking in education in different parts of the world. The examples selected were chosen after a review of the international specialist literature (prior to Covid-19). This was followed by a screening process of the documentary sources based on temporal and thematic criteria, notably including research published in the past decade with content directly related to collaborative networking in diverse educational contexts. Many initiatives have been carried out in a wide range of school settings over the last few years through a combination of top-down interventions, accountability measures and changes in governance arrangements. This article focuses on proposals from countries whose collaboration networks can boast long experiences, together with a synthesis of the main advances reported in the area

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Ahumada, L., González, A., & Pino-Yanconvic, M. (2016). Redes de mejoramiento escolar. ¿Por qué son importantes y cómo las apoyamos?[School improvement networks: Why are they important and how do we support them?]. Centro de Liderazgo para la Mejora Escolar.
  • Ainscow, M. (2015). Towards self-improving school systems. Lessons from a city challenge. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315818405
  • Amador, R. (2010). Modelos de redes de educación superior a distancia en México [Models of distance higher education networks in Mexico]. Sinéctica, 34, 1-13.
  • Armstrong, P. W., & Ainscow, M. (2018). School-to-school support within a competitive education system: Views from the inside. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 29(4), 614-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2018.
  • Armstrong, , P. W., Brown, C., & Chapman, C. (2020). School-to-school collaboration in England. A configurative review of the empirical evidence. Review of Education, 9(1), 319-351. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3248
  • Arnaiz, P., De Haro, R., & Azorín, C. (2018). Redes de apoyo y colaboración para la mejora de la educación inclusiva [Support and collaboration networks for the improvement of inclusive education]. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, 22(2), 29-49. http://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v22i2.7713
  • Azorín, C. (2017). Redes de colaboración entre escuelas inglesas para la mejora de la inclusión socioeducativa [Collaboration networks between english schools for the improvement of socio-educational inclusion]. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, Número extraordinario, 29-48.
  • Azorín, C. (2019). The emergence of professional learning networks in Spain. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 4(1), 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-03-2018-0012
  • Azorín, C. (2020a). Beyond Covid-19 supernova. Is another education coming? Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(4), 381-390.https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-05-2020-0019
  • Azorín, C. (2020b). Entrevista: Profesor emérito de la Universidad de Toronto, Michael Fullan [Interview: Professor emeritus of the University of Toronto, Michael Fullan]. Participación Educativa, 7(10), 5-9.
  • Azorín, C. (2020c). Lead the change series. Q & A with Cecilia Azorín. AERA Educational Change Special Interest Group, 112, 1-10.
  • Azorín, C. (2020d). Leading networks. School Leadership & Management, 40(3), 105-110.https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1745396
  • Azorín, C. (2020e). System transformation in Spanish education agenda: Inclusion and networking as policy priorities? In M. Jones and A. Harris (Eds.). Leading and transforming education systems: Evidence, insights, critique and reflections(pp. 165-178). Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4996-0_12
  • Azorín, C. (2021). Networking in Spanish schools: Lights and shadows. Revista Complutense de Educación, 32(4), 537-546.
  • Azorín, C., & Arnaiz, P. (2018). Editorial: Redes de colaboración en educación. Nuevas formas de participación y transformación social [Editorial: Collaborative networks in education. New forms of participation and social transformation]. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, 22(2), 1-6.http://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v22i2.7846
  • Azorín, C., & Muijs, D. (2017). Networks and collaboration in Spanish education policy. Educational Research, 59(3), 273-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2017.1341817
  • Azorín, C., & Muijs, D. (2018). Redes de colaboración en educación. Evidencias recogidas en escuelas de Southampton [Collaborative networks in education. Evidence from Southampton schools]. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, 22(2), 7-27. https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v22i2.7845
  • Azorín, C., & Pont, B. (2021, March 18). Policy approaches tosupport collaborative networking in education: an international perspective [Paper presentation]. International Virtual Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement.
  • Azorín, C., Harris, A., & Jones, M. (2020). Taking a distributed perspective on leading professional learning networks. School Leadership & Management, 40(2-3), 1-17.https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1647418
  • Bennell, S. J. (2015). Education for sustainable development and global citizenship: leadership, collaboration, and networking in primary schools. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 7(1), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.18546/IJDEGL.07.1.02
  • Berebitsky, D., & Salloum, S. J. (2017). The relationship between collective efficacy and teachers’ social networks in urban middle schools. AERA Open, 3(4), 1-11.https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858417743927
  • Binkhorst, F. (2018). Balancing top-down and shared leadership. a case study of a teacher design team in transition to a new approach. In C. Brown and C. L. Poortman (Eds.), Networks for learning. Effective collaboration for teacher, school and system improvement (pp. 20-37). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315276649-3
  • Campbell, C., Osmond-Johnson, P., Faubert, B., Zeichner, K., Hobbs-Johnson, A., Brown, S., DaCosta, P.,Hales, A., Kuehn, L., Sohn, J., & Steffensen, K. (2017). The state of educators’ professional learning in Canada: Final research report. Learning Forward.
  • Chapman, C., & Fullan, M. (2007). Collaboration and partnership for equitable improvement: Towards anetworked learning system? School Leadership and Management, 27(3), 207-2011. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701379354
  • Chapman, C., & Muijs, D. (2013). Collaborative school turnaround: A study of the impact of school federations on student outcomes. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 12(3), 200-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2013.831456
  • Civís, M., & Longás, J. (2015). La colaboración interinstitucional como respuesta al desafío de la inclusión socioeducativa. Análisis de 4 experiencias de trabajo en red a nivel local en Cataluña [Inter-institutional collaboration as a response to the challenge of socio-educational inclusion. An analysis of 4 local networking experiences in Catalonia]. Educación XX1, 18(1), 213-236. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.18.1.12318
  • Cornelissen, F., McLellan, R.W., & Schofield, J. (2017). Fostering research engagement in partnership schools: Networking and value creation. Oxford Review of Education, 43(6), 695-717. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2017.1316251
  • Cotrina, M., Gallego, C., & García, M. (2017). Redes de colaboración interinstitucional en la búsqueda de alternativas inclusivas al desenganche y abandono escolar [Inter-institutional collaboration networks in the search for inclusive alternatives to school disengagement and dropout]. In A. Rodríguez-Martín(Ed.), Prácticas innovadoras inclusivas: Retos y oportunidades(pp. 2403-2411). Universidad de Oviedo.
  • Dibben, M. (2019). (Re)locating New Zealand school principals as leaders in school networks: Leadership in communities of learning[Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology]. Auckland University of Technology Digital Archive.https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/handle/10292/12981
  • Duran, D., Corcelles, M., & Miquel, E. (2020). La observación entre iguales como mecanismo de desarrollo profesional docente. La percepción de los participantes de la Xarxa de Competències Bàsiques [Peer observation as a professional development mechanism for teachers. The perception of participants in Xarxa de Competéncies Básiques]. Àmbits de Psicopedagogia i Orientació, 53, 59-61.
  • Elacqua, G., Sanchez, F., & Santos, H. (2019). School reorganization reforms: The case of school networks in Colombia.IDB Working Paper Series N. IDB-WP-01044.https://doi.org/10.18235/0001844
  • Elacqua, G., Sanchez, F., & Santos, H. (2021). School reorganization reforms: The case of multisite schools in Colombia. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 32(1), 141-17.https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2020.1797830
  • European Commission. (2018). Networks for learning and development across school education.European Commission.
  • FEYS, E., & Devos, G. (2014). What comes out of incentivized collaboration: A qualitative analysis of eight Flemish school networks. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(5), 738-754. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214535738
  • Fullan, M. (2016). La dirección escolar. Tres claves para maximizar su impacto[School leadership. Three key aspects to maximize its impact]. Ediciones Morata.
  • Fullan, M. (2021). The right drivers for whole system success. Centre for Strategic Education.
  • Fullan, M., & Rincón-Gallardo, S. (2016). Developing high quality education in Canada: The case of Ontario. In F. Adamson, B. Astrand and L. Darling-Hammond (Eds.). Global education reform: How privatization and public investment influence education outcomes(pp. 169-193). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315680361-7
  • García-Martínez, I., Higueras-Rodríguez, L., & Martínez-Valdivia, E. (2018). Hacia la implantación de comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje mediante un liderazgo distribuido. Una revisión sistemática [Towards the establishment of professional learning communities through distributed leadership. A systematic review]. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 16(2), 117-132.https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2018.16.2.007
  • Gilbert, C. (2017). Optimism of the will: The development of local area-based education partnerships. Centre for Leadership in Learning.
  • Glasserman, L.D., Ramírez, J., & Juárez, J.E. (2013). Redes virtuales: Experiencia latinoamericana de una práctica educativa innovadora y eficiente [Virtual networks: An experience of an innovative and efficient educational practice in Latin America]. Revista de Investigación Educativa de la Escuela de Graduados en Educación, 6, 24-29.
  • González, A., Pino-Yancovic, M., & Ahumada, L. (2017). Transitar desde el mejoramiento escolar al mejoramiento sistémico: oportunidades y desafíos de las redes escolares en Chile [Moving from school improvement to systemic improvement: Opportunities and challenges for school networks in Chile]. Centro de Liderazgo para la Mejora Escolar.
  • Hadfield, M., & Ainscow, M. (2018). Inside a self-improving school system: Collaboration, competition and transition. Journal of Educational Change, 19(4), 441-462.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-018-9330-7
  • Hadfield, M., Jopling, M., Noden, C., O’Leary, D., & Stott, A. (2006). What does the existing knowledge base tell us about the impact of networking and collaboration? A review of network-based innovations in education in the UK.National College for School Leadership.
  • Hargreaves, A. (2018). Foreword. In C. Brown and C. L. Poortman(Eds.),Networks for learning. effective collaboration for teacher, school and system improvement (pp. xxi-xxii). Routledge.
  • Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2020). Professional capital after the pandemic: Revisiting and revising classic understandings of teachers’ work. Journal of Professional Capital and Community. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-06-2020-0039
  • Hargreaves, A., & O’Connor, M. (2017). Cultures of professional collaboration: Their origins and opponents. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 2(2), 74-85.https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-02-2017-0004
  • Hargreaves, A., Parsley, D., & Cox, E.K. (2015). Designing rural school improvement networks: Aspirations and actualities. Peabody Journal of Education, 90(2), 306-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2015.1022391
  • Harris, A. (2020). Covid-19 school leadership in crisis? Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(3), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-06-2020-0045
  • Harris, A., & Jones, M. (2017). Professional learning communities: A strategy for school and system improvement? Wales Journal Education, 19(1), 16-38.https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480210376487
  • Harris, A., Azorín, C., & Jones, M. (2021). Network leadership: A new educational imperative? International Journal of Leadership in Education.https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2021.1919320
  • Henig, J. R., Riehl, C., Houston, D. M., Rebell, M. A., & Wolff, J. R. (2016). Collective impact and the new generation of cross-sector collaborations for education. A Nationwide Scan. Teachers College.
  • Hernández, E., & Navarro, M. J. (2018). La participación en redes escolares locales para promover la mejora educativa, un estudio de caso [Participation in local school networks to promote educational improvement, a case study]. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, 22(2), 71-90.https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v22i2.7715
  • Hopkins, M., Weddle, H., Gluckman, M., & Gautsch, L. (2019). Boundary crossing in a professional association: The dynamics of research use among state leaders and researchers in a research-practice partnership. AERA Open, 5(4), 1-12.https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858419891964
  • Kamp, A. (2018). Assembling the actors: exploring the challenges of ‘system leadership’ in education through actor-network theory. Journal of Education Policy, 33(6), 778-792.https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1380231
  • Kolbe, L. J., Allensworth, D. D., Potts-Datema, W., & White, D. R. (2015). What have we learned from collaborative partnerships to uncomitantly improve both education and health? Journal of School Health, 85(11), 766-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12312
  • Kolleck, N. (2016). Uncovering influence through social network analysis: The role of schools in education for sustainable development. Journal of Education Policy, 31(3), 308-329.https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2015.1119315
  • Kolleck, N. (2017). How (German) foundations shape the concept of education: Towards an understanding of their use of discourses. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 38(2), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2015.1105789
  • Kolleck, N. (2019). The power of third sector organizations in public education. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(4), 411-425. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2018-0142
  • Kolleck, N., Rieck, A., & Yemini, M. (2020). Goals aligned: Predictors of common goal identification in educational cross-sectoral collaboration initiatives. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(5), 916-934.https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143219846906
  • Kools, M., & L. Stoll. 2016. What makes a school a learning organisation?OECDPublishing.
  • Krutka, D. G, Carpenter, J. P., & Trust, T. (2016). Elements of engagement: A model of teacher interactions via professional learning networks. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 32(4), 150-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2016.1206492
  • Lai, M. K., & McNaughton, S. (2018). Learning networks for sustainable literacy achievement. In C. Brown and C. L. Poortman(Eds.),Networks for learning. Effective collaboration for teacher, school and system improvement(pp. 152-171). Routledge.
  • LaPointe-McEwan, D., DeLuca, C., & Klinger, D.A. (2017). Supporting evidence use in networked professional learning: the role of the middle leader. Educational Research, 59(2), 136-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2017.1304346
  • Longás, J., Civís, M., & Riera, J. (2008). Asesoramiento al desarrollo de redes socioeducativas locales: funciones y metodología [Advice on the development of local socio-educational networks: Roles and methodology]. Cultura y Educación, 20(3), 303-321.https://doi.org/10.1174/113564008785826330
  • López-Yañez, J., Perera-Rodríguez, V.H., Bejarano-Bejarano, E., & Del-Pozo-Redondo, M. (2014). La trama social del liderazgo. Un estudio sobrelas redes de colaboración docente en escuelas primarias [The social fabric of leadership. A study of teachers’ collaboration networks in primary schools]. REICE. Revista Iberomericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 12(5), 99-117.
  • López, E. J., & Saenz-Adames, M. (2010). Collaboration, networking, outreach, partnerships and research: outreach from a college of education. Border Walking Journal, 8(1), 78-86.
  • Martínez, A., & Unda, M. P. (1998). De la insularidad de las innovaciones a las redes pedagógicas [From insular innovations to pedagogical networks]. Nodos y nudos: Revista de la Red de Calificación de Educadores, 1(5), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.17227/01224328.980
  • Martínez, B., Alonso, I., Martínez, I., & Alonso, M. J. (2018). Colaboración y redes socioeducativas para la inclusión de la infancia vulnerable [Collaboration and socio-educational networks for the inclusion of vulnerable children]. Educatio Siglo XXI, 36(2), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.6018/j/332991
  • Martínez, M. C. (2004). Colectivos y redes de maestros: Campo constituyente de sujetos de saber pedagógico y de acción política[Teachers' groups and networks: A constituent field of subjects of pedagogical knowledge and political action]. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional.
  • Mills, M., & Hextall, I. (2019). The co-operative schoolsmovement in England: Who, where and why. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 23(11), 1116-1133.https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1629162
  • Muijs, D. (2015a). Collaboration and networking among rural schools: Can it work and when? Evidence from England. Peabody Journal of Education, 90(2), 294-305.https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2015.1022386
  • Muijs, D. (2015b). Improving schools through collaboration: A mixed methods study of school-to-school partnerships in the primary sector. Oxford Review of Education, 41(5), 563-586. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2015.1047824
  • Muijs, D., West, M., & Ainscow, M. (2010). Why network? Theoretical perspectives on networking. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 21(1), 5-26.https://doi.org/10.1080/09243450903569692
  • Murillo, F. J. (2009). Las redes de aprendizaje como estrategia de mejora y cambio educativo. [Learning networks as a strategy for educational improvement and change].REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en educación, 7(3), 4-6.
  • Murillo, F. J., & Krichesky, G. J. (2015). Mejora de la escuela: Medio siglo de lecciones aprendidas [School improvement: Half a century of lessons learned]. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 13(1), 69-102.
  • O ́Leary, M., & Wood, P. (2019). Reimagining teaching excellence: Why collaboration, rather than competition, holds the key to improving teaching and learning in higher education. Educational Review, 71, 122-139.https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1524203
  • Ocampo, N., & Peña, A. A. (2013). Procesos formativos para interventores educativos en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Ayala (Morelos, México) [Training processes for educational intervention officers at the National Pedagogy University of Ayala (Morelos, Mexico)]. Boletín de Antropología y Educación, 4(6), 31-35.
  • Ochoa, M. L., & Monroy, B. (1997). Can networks help to modernize schooling? The Tolima rural research network (Colombia). Prospects, 27, 275-283.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02737171
  • Organisation for Economic, Co-operation and Development. (2019). OECD future of education and skills 2030. Conceptual learning framework. Conceptual note: student agency for 2030. OECD.
  • Páez, D. E. (2020). Red de educación y pedagogía de la provincia del Sumapaz. Una experiencia de trabajo colaborativo [Education and pedagogy network of the Sumapaz province. An experience of collaborative work]. In J. D. Demera (Coord.), Políticas y prácticas de investigación en Colombia. Elementos para el debate(122-138). Editorial de la Universidad de Cundinamarca.
  • Peña-Ayala, A. (2020). Educational networking. A novel discipline for improved learning based on social networks. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29973-6_3
  • Pertuz, V., Pérez, A., Vega, A., & Aguilar-Ávila, J. (2020). Análisis de redes de colaboración entre las instituciones de educación superior en Colombia de acuerdo con Researchgate [An analysis of collaboration networks among Colombian higher education institutions according to Researchgate]. Revista Española de Documentación Científica, 43(2), 1-14.https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2020.2.1686
  • Pino-Yancovic, M., González, A., Ahumada, L., & Chapman, C. (2020). School improvement networks and collaborative inquiry. Fostering systemic change in challenging contexts. Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781787697355
  • Prenger, R., Poortman, C. L., & Handelzalts, A. (2021). Professional learning networks: From teacher learning to school improvement? Journal of Educational Change, 22, 13-52.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-020-09383-2
  • Quinn, R., Barrett-Cox, A., & Steingbugler, A. (2020). Social position or school participation? Access and mobilization of social capital in a school-based Network. Educational Researcher, 49(1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X19898700
  • Radinger, T. A., Echazarra, A., Guerrero, G., & Valenzuela, J. P. (2018). OECD Reviews of school resources: Colombia. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264303751-en
  • Ramos, J., Menéndez, A., & Díaz, D. (2014). Networking: The key for collaborative work in higher education. Case of Mexico’s postgraduate students in education network. ECORFAN Journal, 1(1), 76-80.
  • Rauch, F. (2016). Networking for education for sustainable development in Austria: The Austrian ECOLOG schools programme. Educational Action Research, 24(1), 34-45.https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2015.1132000
  • Rincón-Gallardo, S. (2016). Large scale pedagogical transformation as widespread cultural change in Mexican public schools.Journal of Educational Change, 17(4), 411-436.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-016-9286-4
  • Rincón-Gallardo, S. (2020). Leading school networks to liberate learning: three leadership roles. School Leadership & Management, 40(2-3), 146-162.https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1702015Rincón-Gallardo, S., & Fullan, M. (2016). Essential features of effective networks in education. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 1(1), 5-22.https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-09-2015-0007
  • Robinson, G., Gallagher, T., & Duffy, G. (2020). At the boundaries: School networks in divided societies. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(2), 183-197.https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-11-2019-0033
  • Roessler, L., & Westfall-Greiter, T. (2018). Austria’s lerndesigner network. The dynamics of virtual professional learning in interschool networks. In C. Brown and C. L. Poortman(Eds.), Networks for learning. effective collaboration for teacher, school and system improvement (pp. 92-114). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315276649-7
  • Ruiz-Román, C., Molina, L., & Alcaide, R. (2019). We have a common goal: Support networks for the educational and social development of children in disadvantaged areas. British Journal of Social Work, 49(6), 1658-1676. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz063
  • Sahlberg, P. (2020). Will the pandemic change schools? Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(3), 359-365. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-05-2020-0026
  • Sánchez, G., Pérez, J. J., & Picco, L. L. (2014). Redes de conocimiento basadas en la gestión del conocimiento: creación y organización para docencia e investigación universitaria [Knowledge networks based on knowledge management: creation and organization for university teaching and research]. Revista Iberoamericana de Bibliotecología, 37(3), 215-225.
  • Schleicher, A. (2018). World class: How to build a 21stcentury school system, strong performers and successful reformers in education.OECD Publishing.https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264300002-en
  • Schneller, L., & Butler, D. L. (2020). Exploring the potential of collaborative teaching nested within professional learning networks. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 6(2), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-06-2020-0037
  • Schnellert, L., Fisher, P., & Sanford, K. (2018). Developing communities of pedagogical inquiry in British Columbia. In C. Brown and C. L. Poortman (Eds.), Networks for learning. Effective collaboration for teacher, school and system improvement(pp. 56-74). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315276649-5
  • Silva, M., da Silva, S., & Araújo, H. C. (2017). Networking in education: From concept to action. An analytical view on the educational territories of priority intervention (TEIP) in Northern Portugal. Improving Schools, 20(1), 48-61.https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480216658566
  • Suárez, D. H. (2015). Relatos de experiencia, redes pedagógicas y prácticas docentes: documentación narrativa de experiencias escolares en el nivel inicial [Stories of experience, pedagogical networks and teaching practices: a narrative documentation of school experiences at the early childhood level]. In G. J. Murillo (Ed.), Narrativas de experiencia en educación y pedagogía de la memoria(pp. 89-113). Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvtxw30v.7
  • Trust, T., Carpenter, J. P., & Krutka, D. G. (2018). Leading by learning: Exploring the professional learning networks of instructional leaders. Educational Media International, 55(2), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2018.1484041
  • Trust, T., Krutka, D. G., & Carpenter, J. P. (2016). Togetherwe are better: Professional learning networks for teachers. Computers & Education, 102,15-34.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.06.007
  • Van Den Beemt, A., Ketelaar, E., Diepstraten, I., &De Laat, M. (2018). Teachers’ motives for learning in networks: Costs, rewards and community interest. Educational Research, 60(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2018.1426391
  • Vilar, J., Longás, J., & De Querol, R. (2017). Acción comunitaria y trabajo en red: Presentación de un modelo de éxito [Community action and networking: Presenting a successful model]. Revista Lugares de Educação, 7(15), 42-60.https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2237-1451.2017v7n15.34358
  • Villalón, E. M. (2019). Las redes de colaboración académica como estrategia de internacionalización solidaria. El caso de CUNorte en la Universidad de Guadalajara (México) [Academic collaboration networks as a strategy of international solidarity. The caseof CUNorte at the University of Guadalajara (Mexico)]. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, 23(4), 323-344.https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v23i4.11752
  • Washington, S. A., & O’Connor, M. T. (2020). Collaborative professionalism across cultures and contexts: Cases of professional learning networks enhancing teaching and learning in Canada and Colombia. In L. Schnellert (Ed.), Professional learning networks: Facilitating transformation in diverse contexts with equity-seeking communities(pp. 17-47). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-891-820201005
  • Welsh Government. (2017). Education in Wales: Our national mission. The Education Directorate Welsh Government.
  • Wentworth, L., Mazzeo, C., & Connolly, F. (2017). Research practice partnerships: A strategy for promoting evidence-based decision-making in education. Educational Research, 59(2), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2017.1314108
  • Woodland, R. H., & Mazur, R. (2019) Examining capacity for ‘cross-pollination’ in a rural school district: A social network analysis case study. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(5), 815-836.https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217751077