Apego, duelo y continuidad de lazos en el afrontamiento de la pérdida
- Estela Fernández Pérez 1
- Enrique Javier Garces de Los Fayos Ruiz 1
- Ana Isabel Peinado Portero 1
-
1
Universidad de Murcia
info
ISSN: 2386-2300, 0214-6118
Any de publicació: 2022
Volum: 10
Número: 1
Tipus: Article
Altres publicacions en: Revista de psicología de la salud
Resum
This systematic review has considered the literature published over the last 30 years on the relationships between attachment, the grieving process and coping with loss. Attachment is the bond that is established at birth, primarily with primary caregivers. The grieving process is the reaction to the loss of a close relationship. Continuity of attachment is a tool that mourners use to stay attached to the deceased. The work is mainly based on empirical studies with samples of subjects where, for the most part, measures of attachment, grief and continuity of ties were taken. The results of these studies show relationships between the three variables however, causal relationships cannot be established and more research is needed to clarify the relationship between these variables. In general terms, secure attachment is related to a more adaptive grieving process and anxious and avoidant attachment hinders the grieving process. On the other hand, continued attachment to the deceased will be adaptive or maladaptive depending on whether or not it conforms to the person’s dominant meaning system.
Referències bibliogràfiques
- Baker, J. E. (2001). Mourning and the transformation of object relationships: Evidence for the persistence of internal attachments. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 18(1), 55–73. https://doi. org/10.1037/0736-9735.18.1.55
- Berenguer-Pérez, M., Barreto-Martín, P., & Pérez-Marín, M. (2018). Apego y superación de la pérdida de una persona significativa. Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica, 27(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2017.1043
- Black, J., Belicki, K., Piro, R., & Hughes, H. (2020). Comforting Versus Distressing Dreams of the Deceased: Relations to Grief, Trauma, Attachment, Continuing Bonds, and Post-Dream Reactions. Omega (United States). https://doi. org/10.1177/0030222820903850
- Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Loss, sadness, and depression (Vol. 3). New York: Basic Books.
- Field, N. P., & Sundin, E. C. (2001). Attachment style in adjustment to conjugal bereavement. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18(3), 347-361. doi:10.1177/0265407501183003
- Field, N. P., & Filanosky, C. (2010). Continuing bonds, risk factors for complicated grief, and adjustment to bereavement. Death Studies, 34(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180903372269
- Field, N. P., Gal-Oz, E., & Bonanno, G. A. (2003). Continuing bonds and adjustment at 5 years after the death of a spouse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(1), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.1.110
- Field, N. P., Gao, B., & Paderna, L. (2005). Continuing bonds in bereavement: An attachment theory based perspective. Death Studies, 29(4), 277–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180590923689
- Field, N. P., Nichols, C., Holen, A., & Horowitz, M. J. (1999). The relation of continuing attachment to adjustment in conjugal bereavement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(2), 212– 218. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.2.212
- Fraley, R. C., & Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Attachment and loss: A test of three competing models on the association between attachment-related avoidance and adaptation to bereavement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(7), 878– 890. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204264289
- Ho, S. M. Y., Chan, I. S. F., Ma, E. P. W., & Field, N. P. (2013). Continuing Bonds, Attachment Style, and Adjustment in the Conjugal Bereavement Among Hong Kong Chinese. Death Studies, 37(3), 248–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2011.6 34086
- Holland, J. M., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2011). Separation and traumatic distress in prolonged grief: The role of cause of death and relationship to the deceased. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33(2), 254–263. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10862-010-9214-5
- Karydi, E. (2018). Childhood bereavement: The role of the surviving parent and the continuing bond with the deceased. Death Studies, 42(7), 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2017.1 363829
- Kho, Y., Kane, R. T., Priddis, L., & Hudson, J. (2015). The nature of attachment relationships and grief responses in older adults: An attachment path model of grief. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133703
- Ludwikowska-Åwieboda, K. (2020). Attachment style and experiencing the symptoms of complicated grief after the death of a spouse – Preliminary research among widowed women. Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna, 20(2), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.15557/PiPK.2020.0015
- Mancini, A. D., & Bonanno, G. A. (2012). The persistence of attachment: Complicated grief, threat, and reaction times to the deceased’s name. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139(3), 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.01.032
- Meier, A. M., Carr, D. R., Currier, J. M., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2013). Attachment anxiety and avoidance in coping with bereavement: Two studies. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(3), 315–334. https://doi.org/10.1521/ jscp.2013.32.3.315
- Meyer-Lee, C. B., Jackson, J. B., & Gutierrez, N. S. (2020). Long-Term Experiencing of Parental Death During Childhood: A Qualitative Analysis. Family Journal, 28(3), 247–256. https://doi. org/10.1177/1066480720926582
- Neimeyer, R. A. (2019). Meaning reconstruction in bereavement: Development of a research program. Death Studies, 43(2), 79–91. https://doi. org/10.1080/07481187.2018.1456620
- Neimeyer, R. A., Baldwin, S. A., & Gillies, J. (2006). Continuing bonds and reconstructing meaning: Mitigating complications in bereavement. Death Studies, 30(8), 715–738. https://doi. org/10.1080/07481180600848322
- Rubin, S. S., Malkinson, R., & Witztum, E. (2003). Trauma and bereavement: Conceptual and clinical issues revolving around relationships. Death Studies, 27(8), 667–690. https://doi. org/10.1080/713842342
- Russac, R. J., Steighner, N. S., & Canto, A. I. (2002). Grief work versus continuing bonds: A call for paradigm integration or replacement? Death Studies, 26(6), 463–478. https://doi. org/10.1080/074811802760138996
- Sable, P. (1991). Attachment, Loss of Spouse, and Grief in Elderly Adults. OMEGA Journal of Death and Dying, 23(2), 129–142. https://doi. org/10.2190/pu6v-h0nw-61ny-1w5g
- Sable, P. (1992). Attachment, Loss of Spouse, and Disordered Mourning. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 73(5), 266–273. https://doi. org/10.1177/104438949207300502
- Shear, K., & Shair, H. (2005). Attachment, loss, and complicated grief. Developmental Psychobiology, 47(3), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1002/ dev.20091
- Smigelsky, M. A., Bottomley, J. S., Relyea, G., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2020). Investigating risk for grief severity: Attachment to the deceased and relationship quality. Death Studies, 44(7), 402–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2018.1548539
- Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (2005). To continue or relinquish bonds: A review of consequences for the bereaved. Death Studies, 29(6), 477–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180590962659
- Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Stroebe, W. (2005). Attachment in coping with bereavement: A theoretical integration. Review of General Psychology, 9(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089- 2680.9.1.48
- Urrútia, G., & Bonfill, X. (2010). PRISMA declaration: A proposal to improve the publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Medicina Clinica, 135(11), 507–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. medcli.2010.01.015
- Urrútia, G., & Bonfill, X. (2013). The PRISMA statement: a step in the improvement of the publications of the Revista Española de Salud Pública. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 87(2), 99-102. https://doi.org/ 10.4321/S1135- 57272013000200001.
- Wayment, H. A., & Vierthaler, J. (2002). Attachment style and bereavement reactions. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 7(2), 129–149. https://doi. org/10.1080/153250202753472291