Identité et démocratie. El nacionalismo identitario francés, de la saga Le Pen a la Europa de las patrias

Abstract

The defense of national identity (between the historical mutation and the republicanist-secularist french peculiarities) and the participation in representative democracy (in the presidential and majority system founded by De Gaulle in 1958) can be two of the fundamental interpretative keys in the modern French identity/sovereignty movement during the V Republic. From them we make a brief historiographic tour of it, from the end of World War II to the present time, pointing out its controversial and minority roots (from Vichy's nostalgia to the so-called extreme right), the impact of the Algerian War (for the country and for the movement), the birth of the National Front and the progressive success of its leader Jean-Marie Le Pen (more media than electoral), the ideological or strategic transformations of his daughter Marine to consolidate successfully or survive (without reaching political-institutional power), and future trends beyond the influence of the family saga.