Los recursos psicológicos personales, resiliencia y autoeficacia, y su relación con el malestar psicológico en situaciones de desempleo

  1. María-Magdalena Fernández-Valera 1
  2. María-Isabel Soler-Sánchez 1
  3. Mariano García-Izquierdo 1
  4. Mariano Meseguer de Pedro 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Murcia
    info

    Universidad de Murcia

    Murcia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03p3aeb86

Revue:
International Journal of Social Psychology, Revista de Psicología Social

ISSN: 0213-4748 1579-3680

Année de publication: 2019

Volumen: 34

Número: 2

Pages: 341-353

Type: Article

DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2019.1583513 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

D'autres publications dans: International Journal of Social Psychology, Revista de Psicología Social

Objectifs de Développement Durable

Résumé

De acuerdo a la teoría de la conservación de recursos de Hobfoll (1989Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] ), los recursos psicológicos como la resiliencia y la autoeficacia podrían mediar los efectos de la situación de desempleo en el bienestar. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel mediador de la autoeficacia y la resiliencia en la relación entre el tiempo en desempleo y el malestar psicológico. Se utilizó una muestra de personas desempleadas (N = 280) de la Región de Murcia. Con un diseño transversal y utilizando el macro PROCESS para SPSS (2013), se propone un modelo de mediación múltiple que analiza el papel mediador de los recursos psicológicos en la relación entre el tiempo en desempleo y la salud autopercibida. La varianza explicada de dicho modelo es del 23.79%. Los resultados muestran que sólo la autoeficacia media de manera parcial la relación entre ambas variables (β = .18, SE = 0.06, p < .01). La principal aportación de este artículo se basa en mostrar que los recursos psicológicos personales constituyen una herramienta eficaz para afrontar estresores vitales, como en este caso es la situación de desempleo.

Références bibliographiques

  • Baessler, J. & Schwarzer, R. 1996, "Evaluación de la autoeficacia: Adaptación española de la escala de Autoeficacia General", Ansiedad y Estrés, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-8.
  • Bandura, A. 1977, "Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change", Psychological review, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 191-215.
  • Brown, D.J., Cober, R.T., Kane, K., Levy, P.E. & Shalhoop, J. 2006, "Proactive personality and the successful job search: A field investigation with college graduates", Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 717-726.
  • Cifre, E. & Navarro, M.L. 2013, "Construyendo puentes entre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y la Salud Psicosocial en las Organizaciones: Una Guía 2.0 para el incremento de la Empleabilidad [Building bridges between Corporate Social Responsibility and Psychosocial Health in Organizations: A 2.0 Guide for Increasing Employability]", Estudios financieros.Revista de Trabajo y Seguridad Social: Comentarios, Casos Prácticos: Recursos Humanos, vol. 359, pp. 163-204.
  • Connor, K.M. & Davidson, J.R.T. 2003, "Development of a new Resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC)", Depression and anxiety, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 76-82.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1999, "If we are so rich, why aren't we happy?", American Psychologist, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 821-827.
  • Del Pozo Iribarría, J.A., Ruiz, M.A., Pardo, A. & San Martín, R. 2002, "The effects of unemployment duration", Psicothema, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 440-443.
  • Goldberg, D. & Williams, P. 1988, A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire, .
  • Harrison, R. 1976, "The demoralising experience of prolonged unemployment", Department of Employment Gazette, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 339-348.
  • Hayes, A.F. 2013, An introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, .
  • Hill, J.M.M. 1977, "The social and psychological impact ofunemployment", The Social and Psychological Impact of Unemployment: A Pilot Study, .
  • Hobfoll, S.E. 1989, "Conservation of Resources: A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress", American Psychologist, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 513-524.
  • Izquierdo, T. 2005, Actitudes hacia el trabajo de los desempleados mayores de 45 años, .
  • Janlert, U., Winefield, A.H. & Hammarström, A. 2015, "Length of unemployment and health-related outcomes: A life-course analysis", European journal of public health, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 662-667.
  • King, D.D., Newman, A. & Luthans, F. 2016, "Not if, but when we need resilience in the workplace", Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 782-786.
  • Lim, V.K.G., Chen, D., Aw, S.S.Y. & Tan, M. 2016, "Unemployed and exhausted? Job-search fatigue and reemployment quality", Journal of vocational behavior, vol. 92, pp. 68-78.
  • Liu, S., Wang, M., Liao, H. & Shi, J. 2014, "Self-regulation during job search: The opposing effects of employment self-efficacy and job search behavior self-efficacy", Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 1159-1172.
  • Mäkikangas, A. & Kinnunen, U. 2003, "Psychosocial work stressors and well-being: Self-esteem and optimism as moderators in a one-year longitudinal sample", Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 537-557.
  • Masten, A.S. & Reed, M.-.J. 2002, "Resilience in development", Handbook of Positive Psychology, , pp. 74-88.
  • Moorhouse, A. & Caltabiano, M.L. 2007, "Resilience and unemployment: Exploring risk and protective influences for the outcome variables of depression and assertive job searching", Journal of Employment Counseling, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 115-125.
  • Moyano-Díaz, E., Peña, D.G., Cabrera, K.Z. & Cornejo, F.A. 2013, "Employees and unemployed, causal attributions and subjective well-being", Psicologia e Sociedade, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 440-450.
  • Paul, K.I. & Moser, K. 2009, "Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses", Journal of vocational behavior, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 264-282.
  • Pinquart, M., Juang, L.P. & Silbereisen, R.K. 2003, "Self-efficacy and successful school-to-work transition: A longitudinal study", Journal of vocational behavior, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 329-346.
  • Rocha, K.B., Pérez, K., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Borrell, C. & Obiols, J.E. 2011, "Propiedades psicométricas y valores normativos del general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) en población general española", International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 125-139.
  • Salazar-Carvajal, P.F., Herrera-Sánchez, I.M., Rueda-Méndez, S. & León-Rubio, J.M. 2014, "The effect of conservation of resources on the entrepreneurial intention in the context of economic crisis: The moderating role of the self-efficacy and creativity", Anales de Psicologia, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 549-559.
  • Sanjuán Suárez, P., Pérez García, A.M. & Bermúdez Moreno, J. 2000, "The general self-efficacy scale: Psychometric data from the Spanish adaptation", Psicothema, vol. 12, no. SUPPL. 2, pp. 509-513.
  • Schwarzer, R. & Warner, L.M. 2013, "Perceived self-efficacy and its relationship to resilience", Resilience in Children, Adolescents, and Adults.The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality, , pp. 139-150.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. 1999, "Positive social science", Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 181-182.
  • Ślebarska, K., Moser, K. & Gunnesch-Luca, G. 2009, "Unemployment, social support, individual resources, and job search behavior", Journal of Employment Counseling, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 159-170.
  • Sojo, V. & Guarino, L. 2011, "Mediated moderation or moderated mediation: Relationship between length of unemployment, resilience, coping and health", Spanish Journal of Psychology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 272-281.
  • Soler, M.I.S., Meseguer, M.P. & García-Izquierdo, M. 2016, Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala de resiliencia de 10 ítems de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) en una muestra multiocupacional [Psychometric properties of the spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilienc(TRUNCATED), .
  • Sora, B., Caballer, A. & Peiró, J.M. 2014, "Job insecurity and its consequences in a context of economic crisis", Papeles del Psicologo, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 15-21.
  • Sweet, S. & Moen, P. 2012, "Dual earners preparing for job loss: Agency, linked lives, and resilience", Work and Occupations, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 35-70.
  • Wang, Y., Yao, L., Liu, L., Yang, X., Wu, H., Wang, J. & Wang, L. 2014, "The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed population: A cross-sectional study", BMC Psychiatry, vol. 14, no. 1.
  • Warr, P. 1987, "Work, unemployment and mental health", Work, Unemployment and Mental Health, .