Componentes psicológicos de la adaptación subacuática

  1. J. Colodro Plaza
  2. E.J. Garcés de los Fayos Ruiz
  3. J.J. López García
Revista:
Sanidad militar: revista de sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas de España

ISSN: 1887-8571

Año de publicación: 2013

Volumen: 69

Número: 4

Páginas: 231-243

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Sanidad militar: revista de sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas de España

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

Antecedentes: Las demandas y estresores ambientales del medio subacuático imponen al buceador la necesidad de desarrollar un riguroso programa de formación y un meticuloso proceso adaptativo de naturaleza psicofisiológica. Método: Con el fin de verificar el papel de los rasgos cognitivos y de personalidad en el ambiente extremo del buceo, se han analizado con un diseño ex post facto datos psicológicos de una muestra de personal que realiza cursos militares de buceo autónomo, comprobando las diferencias existentes en su capacidad para adaptarse a las demandas ambientales y en sus posibilidades para realizar actividades subacuáticas, determinando la validez predictiva de las diferencias individuales y elaborando un modelo psicológico de la adaptación subacuática. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos indican la existencia de variables psicológicas que diferencian entre quienes superan o no el curso de buceo y entre buceadores con niveles claramente distintos de rendimiento subacuático. Además, estas variables correlacionan con el rendimiento y la adaptación bajo el agua y permiten anticipar el resultado de la formación de los buceadores. Las medidas de inteligencia, personalidad y ansiedad utilizadas se han reducido, mediante modelos de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, a un modelo de medida con dos factores relacionados, Ajuste emocional y Capacidad mental, que permite representar de forma adecuada y significativa la adaptación subacuática. Conclusión: Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que estos factores pueden ser componentes psicológicos de la adaptación subacuática y pueden facilitar el aprovechamiento de la formación de los buceadores y la adaptación a las demandas del medio subacuático.

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