Metodologías y efectos de las caídas de peso en lucha olímpicauna revisión

  1. García Pallarés, Jesús
  2. Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la
  3. Torres Bonete, Maria Dolores
  4. Muriel Otegui, Xavier
  5. Díaz Suárez, Arturo
Revista:
E-Balonmano.com: Revista de Ciencias del Deporte

ISSN: 1885-7019

Año de publicación: 2011

Título del ejemplar: Deportes de Combate

Volumen: 7

Número: 1

Páginas: 81-89

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: E-Balonmano.com: Revista de Ciencias del Deporte

Resumen

La Lucha fue un deporte fundamental en los Juegos Olímpicos antiguos y todavía hoy sigue siendo una de las modalidades más populares en el Juegos Olímpico modernos. Actualmente, la Lucha Olímpica es un deporte de combate basado en un sistema de categorías por pesos que trata de equilibrar el potencial físico entre rivales, y por consiguiente aumentar el porcentaje del rendimiento que depende de las habilidades técnico-tácticas y psicológicas que cada luchador demuestra sobre el tapiz. Este sistema de categorías por peso obliga a todos los luchadores a cumplir o �dar el peso� unas pocas horas antes del comienzo del torneo, por lo que a lo largo de las últimas décadas los luchadores han puesto en práctica numerosas estrategias y metodologías de reducción de la masa corporal de cara a este pesaje oficial. En esta revisión se describirán pormenorizadamente estas metodologías de pérdida abrupta de masa corporal, así como los efectos que estas estrategias tienen sobre el rendimiento físico de los luchadores. Igualmente, y en base a evidencias científicas, se realizarán propuestas de adecuación y actualización de este reglamento oficial, considerado por la mayor parte de los científicos y técnicos relacionados con esta modalidad como parcialmente desfasado y en ocasiones irracional.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Caldwell, J.E., Ahonen, E. & Nousiainen, U. (1984). Differential effects of sauna-, diuretic-, and exerciseinduced hypohydration. Journal of Applied Physiology, 57(4), 1018-1023.
  • Callan, S.D., Brunner, D.M., Devolve, K.L., Mulligan, S.E., Hesson, J., Willber, R.L. & Kearney, J.T. (2000). Physiological profiles of élite freestyle wrestlers. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 14(2), 162-9.
  • Cisar, C.J., Johnson, G.O., Fry, A.C., Housh, T.J., Hughes, R.A., Ryan, A.J. & Thorland, W.G. (1987). Preseason body composition, build and strength as predictors of high school wrestling success. Journal of Applied Sport Science Research, 1, 66-70.
  • Clark, R.R., Sullivan, J.C., Bartok, C.J. & Carrel, A.L. (2007). DXA provides a valid minimum weight in wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(11), 2069-2075.
  • De Garay, A.L., Levine, L. & Carter, J.E.L. (1974). Genetic and anthropological studies of Olympic athletes. New York, EEUU: Academic Press.
  • Freischlag, J. (1984). Weight loss, body composition, and health of high school wrestlers. Physician & Sportsmedicine, 12(1), 121-126.
  • Hickner, R.C., Horswill, C.A., Welker, J.M., Scott, J., Roemmich, J.N. & Costill, D.L. (1991). Test development for the study of physical performance in wrestlers following weight loss. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(6), 557-562.
  • Horswill, C.A. (1992). Applied physiology of amateur wrestling. Sports Medicine, 14(2), 114-143.
  • Horswill, C.A., Hickner, R.C., Scott, J.R., Costill, D.L. & Gould, D. (1990). Weight loss, dietary carbohydrate modifications, and high intensity, physical performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 22(4), 470-476.
  • Horswill, C.A., Scott, J.R. & Galea, P. (1989). Comparison of maximum aerobic power, maximum anaerobic power, and skinfold thickness of élite and nonelite junior wrestlers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 10(3), 165-168.
  • Horswill, C.A., Scott, J.R., Galea, P., Park & S.H. (1988). Physiological profile of élite junior wrestlers. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 59(3), 257-261.
  • Houston, M.E., Marin, D.A., Green, H.J. & Thomson, J.A. (1981). The effect of rapid weight loss on physiological function in wrestlers. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 9(11), 73-78.
  • Hübner-Woźniak, E., Kosmol, A., Lutoslawska, G. & Bem, E.Z. (2004). Anaerobic performance of armsKelly,
  • J.M., Gorney, B.A. & Kalm, K.K. (1978). The effects of a collegiate wrestling season on body composition, cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength and endurance. Medicine & Science in Sports, 10(2), 119-124.
  • J.S., Meuffels, D.E., Newton, R.U. & Fleck, S.J. (2001). Physiological and performance responses to tournament wrestling. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(8), 1367-1378.
  • Klinzing, J.E. & Karpowicz, W. (1986). The effects of rapid weight loss and rehydratation on a wrestling performance test. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 26(2), 149-156.
  • Kraemer, W.J., Fry, A.C., Rubin, M.R., Triplett-McBride, T., Gordon, S.E., Koziris, L.P., Lynch, J.M., Volek,
  • Lambert, C. & Jones, B. (2010). Alternatives to rapid weight loss in US wrestling. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 31(8), 523-528.
  • López-Gullón JM. (2010). Capacidades físicas condicionales del éxito en lucha: diferencias entre Libre Olímpica y Grecorromana. Tesis Doctoral.
  • McMurray, R.G., Proctor, C.R. & Wilson, W.L. (1991). Effect of caloric deficit and dietary manipulation on aerobic and anaerobic exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(2), 167-172.
  • Mirzaei, B., Curby, D.G., Rahmani-Nia, F. & Moghadasi, M. (2009). Physiological profile of élite Iranian junior freestyle wrestlers. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(8), 2339-2344.
  • Oppliger, R.A., Nielsen, D.H. & Vance, C.G. (1991). Wrestlers' minimal weight: anthropometry, bioimpedance, and hydrostatic weighing compared. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 23(2), 247-253.
  • Park, S.H., Roemmich, J.N. & Horswill, C.N. (1990). A season of wrestling and weight loss by adolescent wrestlers: effect on anaerobic arm power.
  • Sady, S.P., Thomson, W.H., Savage, M. & Petratis, M. (1982). The body composition and physical dimensions of 9- to 12-year-old experienced wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14(3), 244-248.
  • Sharratt, M.T., Taylor, A.W. & Song, T.M. (1986). A physiological profile of élite Canadian freestyle wrestlers. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 11(2), 100-105.
  • Short, S.H. & Short, W.R. (1983). Four-year study of university athletes´ dietary intake. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 82, 632-645.
  • Silva, J.M. 3rd, Shultz, B.B., Haslam, R.W. & Murray, D. (1981). A psychophysiological assessment of élite wrestlers. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 52(3), 348-358.
  • Sinning, W.E. (1974). Body composition assessment of college wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports, 6(2), 139-145.
  • Song, T.M. & Garvie, G.T. (1980). Anthropometric, flexibility, strength, and physiological measures of Canadian wrestlers and comparison of Canadian and Japanese Olympic wrestlers. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 5(1), 1-8.
  • Steen, S.N. & Brownell, K.D. (1990). Patterns of weight loss and regain in wrestlers: has the tradition changed? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 22(6), 762-768.
  • Taylor, A.W. (1971). A physiological analysis of the effects of two training programs. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 11(4), 252-256.
  • Terbizan, D.J. & Seljevold, P.J. (1996). Physiological profile of age-group wrestlers. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 36(3), 178-185
  • Utter, A.C. & Hager, M,E. (2008). Evaluation of ultrasound in assessing body composition of high school wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(5), 943-949.
  • Utter, A.C. & Lambeth, P.G. (2010). Evaluation of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in assessing body composition of wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(2), 361-367.
  • Utter, A.C., O'Bryant, H.S., Haff, G.G. & Trone, G.A. (2002). Physiological profile of an élite freestyle wrestler preparing for competition: a case study. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 16(2), 308-315.
  • Utter AC, McAnulty SR, Sarvazyan A, Query MC, Landram MJ. (2010) Evaluation of ultrasound velocity to assess the hydration status of wrestlers. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(6), 1451-7.
  • Vardar, S.A., Tezel, S., Öztürk, L. & Kaya, O. (2007). The relationship between body composition and anaerobic performance of élite young wrestlers. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6(CSSI-2), 34-38.
  • Webster, S., Rutt, R. & Weltman, A. (1990). Physiological effects of a weight loss regimen practiced by college wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 22(2), 229-234.
  • Weissinger, E.T., Housh, J., Johnson, G.O. & Evans, S.A. (1991). Weight loss behavior in high school wrestling: wrestler and parent perceptions. Pediatric Exercise Science, 3, 64-73.
  • Widerman, P.M. & Hagan, R.D. (1982). Body weight loss in a wrestler preparing for competition: a case report. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14(6), 413-418.
  • Willmore, J.H. & Costill, D.L. (1988). Training for Sport and activity. Dubuque, EEUU: Wm C Brown Publishers.
  • Woods, E.R., Wilson, C.D. & Masland, R.P. Jr. (1988). Weight control methods in high school wrestlers. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9(5), 394-397.
  • Yoon, J. (2002). Physiological profiles of élite senior wrestlers. Sports Medicine, 32(4), 225-233.
  • and legs in male and female free style wrestlers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 7(4), 473- 480. Jacobs, I. (1980). The effects of thermal dehydration on performance of the Wingate Anaerobic Test. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1, 21-24. Katch, F.I. & Michael, E.D. (1971). Body composition of high school wrestlers according to age and wrestling weight category. Medicine & Science in Sports, 3(4), 190-194.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet