Gender-Role's Attitude, Perceived Similarity, and Sexual Prejudice against Gay Men

  1. Falomir Pichastor, Juan Manuel 2
  2. Martínez Martínez, Carmen 1
  3. Paterna Bleda, Consuelo 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Murcia
    info

    Universidad de Murcia

    Murcia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03p3aeb86

  2. 2 Université de Genève
    info

    Université de Genève

    Ginebra, Suiza

    ROR https://ror.org/01swzsf04

Revista:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Any de publicació: 2010

Volum: 13

Número: 2

Pàgines: 841-848

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.1017/S1138741600002493 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

En una muestra de 226 participantes heterosexuales (115 mujeres y 111 hombres) se ha medido la actitud hacia el rol de género, la similitud personal con los hombres homosexuales y la actitud hacia éstos (prejuicio sexual). Tal y como se esperaba, los hombres muestran más prejuicio que las mujeres, y la percepción de disimilitud está asociada a un mayor prejuicio. En los hombres, pero no en las mujeres, la actitud favorable hacia los roles tradicionales de género está relacionada con el prejuicio. Aún más interesante, la interacción triple sugiere que la percepción de similitud modera en los hombres, pero no en las mujeres, la relación entre la actitud hacia el rol de género y el prejuicio sexual. Una actitud más favorable hacia los roles tradicionales está asociada a un mayor prejuicio sexual en los hombres que perciben una mayor diferencia entre sí mismos y los homosexuales, pero no en aquellos que perciben una mayor semejanza. Estos resultados se discuten de acuerdo con la función defensiva de la actitud hacia la homosexualidad como resultado de la amenaza a la masculinidad.

€ Mostra el finançament

Informació de finançament

This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.

Finançadors

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression. London: Sage.
  • Bardwick, J. M. (1971). Psychology of women: A study of biocultural conflict. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Bem, S. L. (1993). The lenses of gender: Transforming the debate on sexual Inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Bosson, J. K., Prewitt-Freilino, J. L., & Taylor, J. N. (2005). Role rigidity: a problem of identity misclassification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 552-565.
  • Burn, S. M. (2000). Heterosexuals' use of "Fag" and "Queer" to deride one another: a contributor to heterosexism and stigma. Journal of Homosexuality, 40, 1-12.
  • Byrne, D. (1961). Interpersonal attraction and attitude similarity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62, 713-715.
  • Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Doise, W. (1978). Groups and individuals: Explanation in social psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Eagly, A. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Falomir, J. F., & Mugny, G. (2009). "I'm not gay... I'm a real man!": Heterosexual men's gender self-esteem and sexual prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1233-1243.
  • Hegarty. P., Pratto, F., & Lemieux, A. F. (2004). Heterosexist ambivalence and heterocentric norms: Drinking in intergroup discomfort. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 7, 119-130.
  • Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. Journal of Sex Research, 25, 451-477.
  • Herek, G. M. (1992). The social context of hate crimes: Notes on cultural heterosexism. In G. M. Herek, & K. Berrill (Eds.), Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men (pp. 89-104). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Herek, G. M. (2000). Sexual prejudice and gender: Do heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men differ? Journal of Social Issues, 56, 251-266.
  • Herek, G. M. (2002). Gender gaps in public opinion about lesbians and gay men. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66, 40-66.
  • International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) (2002). Family and changing gender-roles III, Zentralarchiv fuer Empirische Sozialforschung an der Universitaet zu Koeln URL: (http://www.gesis.org/ZA/)
  • Kimmel, M. (1997). Masculinity as Homophobia. Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity. In M. M. Gergen, & S. N. Davis (Eds.), Toward a New Psychology of Gender (pp. 223-242). New York: Routledge.
  • Kite, M. E. (1992). Individual differences in Males' reactions to gay males and lesbians. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15, 1222-1239.
  • Kite, M. E., & Deaux, K. (1986). Attitudes toward homosexuality : Assessment and behavioral consequences. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 7, 137-162.
  • Kite, M. E., & Deaux, K. (1987). Gender belief systems : Homosexuality and the implicit inversion theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11, 83-96.
  • Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E. Jr. (1996). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 336-353.
  • Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E. Jr (1998). Do heterosexual women and men differ in their attitudes toward homosexuality? A conceptual and methodological analysis. In G. M. Herek (Ed.), Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 39-61 ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Krulewitz, J. E., & Nash, J. E. (1980). Effects of sex role attitudes and similarity on men's rejection of male homosexuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 67-74.
  • Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. (2002). Les représentations des groupes dominants et dominés: Collections et agrégats. [Social representations of dominants and subordinates: Collections and aggregates] Grenoble: Presses Universitaires.
  • Louderback, L. A., & Whitley, B. E. Jr. (1997). Perceived erotic value of homosexuality and sex-role attitudes as mediators of sex differences in heterosexual college students' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. The Journal of Sex Research, 34, 175-182.
  • MacDonald, A. P., Huggins, J., Young, S., & Swanson, R. A. (1973). Attitudes toward homosexuality: Preservation of sex morality or the double standard? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 40, 161.
  • Maccoby, E. E. (1987). The varied meanings of "masculine" and "feminine". In J. M. Reinisch, L. A. Rosenblum, & S. A. Sanders (Eds.), Masculinity/feminity (pp. 227-239). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Morgan, B. L. (1996). Putting the feminism into feminism scales: Introduction of a liberal feminist attitude and ideology scale (LFAIS). Sex Roles, 34, 359-390.
  • Morin, S. F., & Garfinkle, E. M. (1978). Male homophobia. Journal of Social Issues, 34, 29-47.
  • Newman, B. S. (1989). The relative importance of gender-roles attitudes to male and female attitudes toward lesbians. Sex Roles, 27, 451-465.
  • Oliver, M. B., & Hyde, J. S. (1993). Gender differences in sexuality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 29-51.
  • Pilkington, N. W., & Lydon, J. E. (1997). The relative effect of attitude similarity and attitude dissimilarity on interpersonal attraction: investigating the moderating roles of prejudice and group membership. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 107-116.
  • Plummer, D. C. (2005). Crimes against manhood: homophobia as the penalty for betraying hegemonic masculinity. In G. Hawkes & J. Scott (Eds.), Perspectives in human sexuality (pp. 218-232). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Preston, K., & Kimberley, S. (1987). "What's the worst thing...?" Gender-directed insults. Sex Roles, 17, 209-219.
  • Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Cather, C., Gat, I., & Sideris, J. (1995). Defensive distancing from victims of serious illness: The role of delay. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 13-20.
  • Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind. New York: Basic Books.
  • Schellenberg, E. G., Hirt, J., & Scars, A. (1999). Attitudes toward homosexuals among students at a Canadian university. Sex Roles, 40, 139-152.
  • Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Struch, N., & Schwartz, S. H. (1989). Intergroup aggression: Its predictors and distinctness from in-group bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 364-373.
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The Social Identity Theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel, & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
  • Talley, A., & Bettencourt, A. (2008). Evaluations and aggression directed at a gay male target: The role of threat and antigay prejudice. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 647-683.
  • Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell, Inc.
  • Whitley, B. E. Jr. (1987). The relationship of sex-role orientation to heterosexuals' attitudes toward homosexuals. Sex Roles, 17, 103-113.
  • Whitley, B. E. Jr. (2002). Gender-role variables and attitudes toward homosexuality. Sex Roles, 45, 691-721.
  • Zucker, K. (2001). Biological influences on psychosexual differentiation. In R. Unger(Ed). Handbook of the psychology of women and gender (pp. 101-115). New Jersey, NJ: Wiley.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet