Programa de intervención psicosocial y educativa en habilidades sociales y género con adolescentes de etnia gitana

Resumo

The gypsy population in Spain has been a stigmatic collective and the subject of negative stereotypes throughout history, a fact that has marked their social relationships and their social exclusion situation. The learning of social skills, motivating the students to remain at school and/or modifying their social conception about gender are key to a better adaptation to the environment. Therefore, the design and implementation of this psychosocial and educational intervention plan has been posed so we can work with their social abilities, stereotypes and gender roles, having two clear goals: improving the social skills of these teenagers and analyzing and changing their social structure of gender. For this, the plan was made of two modules: one about social abilities and another one about gender. Each module was composed of seven sessions of one hour and a half each. There were eleven minors of gypsy ethnicity in this intervention plan (seven girls and four boys between 11 and 15 years old) from Alcantarilla-Murcia. The evaluation of the results was carried out by two tools and in two phases: pre-test and post-test. For the evaluation of social abilities, we implemented the BAS-3 Socialization Battery (Silvay Martorell, 1987), and to evaluate the aspects that are linked to the social structure of gender, we used the Adolescent Sexism Detection (ASD) Scale (Exposito, Moya & Glick, 1998). On the other hand, the direct observation was done through the elaboration of a field diary and an observational registry. The evaluation shows positive changes in social abilities and in the modification of stereotypes and gender roles as well, being this improvements more significant in girls. Thus it is important to stand out the influence of education in the social structure of gender and social abilities, and how they affect the social relationships between the students in schools.