El proceso de configuración de un destino turístico rural con enfoque territorial

Resumo

The present research "The configuration of a rural tourist destination with territorial approach" analyzes transition process of a rural territory as a tourist destination in order to systematize the optimal management model of a rural tourist territory based on the experience of the LEADER territories of the Region of Murcia, Spain. Therefore, the scope of the research aims at a double purpose, first analyze and characterize the transitions of the rural environment from the territory-destination relationship and secondly, to systematize an emerging model of optimal management of a rural destination as a route for rural tourism development. Both purposes make it possible to understand what happens in the LEADER territories of the Region of Murcia, what happens beyond tourism projects executed under this approach, why tourism is integrated into rural development, what leads a rural territory to become a tourist destination and what happens in that process of change. It is a qualitative research, applied to the study of territorial development processes and tourism development in the rural space, using the Grounded Theory based on the Glaserian perspective as a research and analysis methodology. This methodology maintains the central point in the emergency based on interpretative-constructivist ideas, a position that sees research as a result that emerges. The interviews together with the participant observation constitute the main tools for the collection of information. In addition, the photovoice is integrated as a complementary tool to enrich the Memos that are produced during the different coding and analysis processes. For the analysis of the data, a triple coding process was carried out - open, selective and theoretical - and a simultaneous data collection, guided by the theoretical sampling and the indicator concept model of the constant comparative method. As a result of the theoretical classification process and the hierarchy of conceptual codes the theoretical model was constructed. The results are presented in three sections that correspond to the three environments of the emerging theoretical model that explains in the following idea "The social construction of the territory as a tourist territory allows the configuration of rural tourism destinations with territorial approach as an alternative to the exhaustion of the rural environment and its multiple ruptures, productive, environmental, cultural and political that produce a turning point, a critical frontier that gives rise to new measures to old and emerging problems in the rural environment." This process of configuration of rural tourism destinations is divided into three stages: transition, creation and consolidation. The reconciliation of these three stages explains the attainment of tourist destinations in rural areas through comprehensive approaches that move from rural territory to tourist territory to culminate as a rural tourist destination with a territorial approach. All this is exposed from the process of reterritorialization that explains the central category of the object of study: "Building destiny through building territory ". To explain this process of ordering a rural environment through rural tourism, the theory is structured around three environments that correspond to the three results sections: a structural environment, an attitudinal environment and a practical-instrumental environment. For this purpose, the first section briefly explains the structural reality of the rural environment, the second section shows the critical frontier that the rural environment faces as a point of rupture of the territory. Finally, the third section explains the transitions from space to territory, from rural territory to tourist territory and from tourist territory to rural tourist destination, to expose the process of reterritorialization as a process of creation of tourist destinations with a territorial base in rural areas. In short, it allows us to understand the role of the territory and its ability to build and rebuild itself in the midst of the dynamics of a globalized environment. The central category "Building destiny through building territory" places in the nucleus of the theoretical model the territory, moving away from the idea of space and endowing with substance the construction of a tourist destination. It proposes as a condition for the construction of a tourist destination in the rural environment, the construction of a territory.