Efectos de la terapia fotodinámica y el alendronato sódico sobre la periodontitis experimental en ratas

Abstract

Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and antiresorptive drugs such as alendronate (ALN) have been shown to reduce alveolar bone loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible synergic effects of combining PDT and ALN on bone loss in periodontitis in rats. Material and Methods: Periodontitis was induced by ligature in 60 Wistar rats and were randomized in: Group 1 (control); Group 2 (PDT); Group 3 (ALN 0.01 mg/kg); Group 4 (ALN 0.25 mg/kg); Group 5 (PDT + ALN 0.01 mg/kg) and Group 6 (PDT + ALN 0.25 mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed on day 12 and the mandibles were processed for: macroscopic morphometric analysis, micro CT to analyze bone mineral density (BMD) and histological analysis. Gingival samples were collected to evaluate myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. Results: Bone loss and inflammatory activity in histological study from the greatest to least was: control > ALN 0.01 mg/kg > PDT > ALN 0.25 mg/kg > PDT + ALN 0.01 mg/kg > PDT + ALN 0.25 mg/kg, while the order from least to greatest BMD was control < ALN 0.01 mg/kg < PDT < ALN 0.25 mg/kg < PDT + ALN 0.01 mg/kg < PDT + ALN 0.25 mg/kg. The order of MPO and MDA activity from greatest to least was control > ALN 0.01 mg/kg > PDT > ALN 0.25 mg/kg > PDT + ALN 0.01 mg/kg > PDT + ALN 0.25 mg/kg. The positive results obtained in the group treated PDT + ALN 0.25 mg/kg, showed statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) compared with the other five groups for the BMD, MPO and MDA. Conclusion: Combined approach therapy of PDT + ALN 0.25 mg/kg demonstrated a protective effect on alveolar bone loss.