Dimensión donal de la persona humana desde la fundamentación antropológica de la norma personalista en Karol Wojtyla

Abstract

This thesis has several purposes. Firstly, in the style of Wojtyla, bring intellectual reflection to what is lived through experience for a better understanding of this experience and return to it being more aware of the essential truths of man so as to live them in greater depth. Secondly, this thesis would like to contribute with something unsaid until now which in our view is very important; it is about seeing the person from the personalist norm (Love and Responsibility; "Man in the field of Responsibility") founded from an adequate anthropology (Acting person; "Subjectivity and the Irreducible in the Human Being") that make people understand their vocation to become self-gift helping to live from the hermeneutics of the gift (Love and Responsibility; Theology of the Body). This comprehensive and holistic view of the person seeks to extract the most substantial topics in Wojtyla. Next, from a systemic view, we offer them as light not only to old ideologies that still persist and to whom the author wanted to respond, but also to others being completely new and insidious about which some thinkers have spoken of true colonization of human nature. Faced with this tangible and noticeable fact, we want to offer an adequate anthropology doing justice to what man is, a personalist norm leading all personal and social relationships, and a rediscovery of the most original and genuine vocation of every human being, the vocation to become self-gift. Thirdly, we wanted to reflect on the viability of a "civilization of love" from a philosophical point of view, directed by the personalist norm, common good, participation and appropriate attitudes for this purpose, as expression and convergence of all our work. The thesis consists of three inseparable parts. Firstly we have dealt with the unconditional moral norm. In this part we establish a dialogue between Kant and Wojtyla on one side, where we study the relationship between the Kantian categorical imperative and the personalist norm. Likewise, the criticism of Wojtyla to the formalism of Kant and the importance of the experience and in particular, moral experience as a source of knowledge are outlined. Then, we bring Wojtyla face to face with Scheler, who on the one hand helps him to delve into the world of phenomenology and ethics of values, but on the other hand Wojtyla stands apart from him because of Scheler's suffering from normativity giving rise to "the emotionalization of consciousness". The third point of this part discusses how love is understood by Kant, Scheler, and Wojtyla, and similarities and differences are established leading to the Wojtylian formulation of the personalist norm. In the second part we consequently deal with the basis of the personalist norm. For this purpose, before tackling the personalist norm, we approach the concept of "person" and its historical-philosophical development. From here, we move to the anthropological foundation of the "person" in the work Acting Person, since from these anthropological grounds we can move on to support, also anthropologically, (in conjunction with the preceding section) the Wojtylian personalist norm. We think that this is Wojtyla's main objective, a true foundation of ethics which supports the personalist norm to go from there to the third part of our work which is about the person and the gift: the philosophy of the gift in Wojtyla. We think this last section is the most suggestive of the thesis since we see the original approach of anthropology (and ethics) from the gift dimension of the personal self. This is one of the most important contributions to ethics and philosophical anthropology made by various philosophers of the last centuries: the gift dimension and self-gift of the person in love, a self-gift that can never be regarded as a possession of impersonal things, thus avoiding the danger of a utilitarian, hedonist, consequentialist and situation ethics. The second chapter of this last part focuses more on the hermeneutics of the gift as Karol Wojtyla/John Paul II understood it and this will lead us to enter into the spousal meaning of the body and its vocation to love. In our view, this thesis is not only a contribution to clarify many questions about the person and human acts, but it also implies a means of support so that everyone can have a fuller, more fruitful and meaningful life.