Hábitos saludables, discapacidad y calidad de vida en personas con ansiedad y depresión tras el terremoto de Lorcaun estudio caso-control

Abstract

ABSTRACT Context. Approximately one out of four people has met diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder in the last year and about 40% of the population will suffer some mental disorder at any stage of their life. On several occasions, anxious-affective disorders convey alteration of conducts and behaviours of the individual, affecting their psysical, mental anda social well-being, important the disability and deterioration of their quality of life associated with them and causing important impediments, since mental health problems constitute five out of ten main causes of disability worldwide. Objetives. To analize the disability, quality of life and healthy habits (physical activity, resting, smoking and alcohol consumption and other drugs) in the population diagnosed with anxiety and/or depresión following the Lorca earthquake of May 11, 2011. Methodology. This is an observational and retrospective study of cases and controls, which is part of the second phase of studies that is included in the Pegasus Mucia Project. Results. This research shows the results of the second analysis carried out with the selected simple of the impact of the Lorca earthquake. To achieve this objetive, 47 subjects who attended the Mental Health Center of Lorca were analyzed. These subjects developed some anxiety-depressive disorders after the earthquake. Also, 141 controls who were exposed to the earthquake but did not develop any phychopathology were also studied (Ratio 1 case: 3 controls). The main results of te study reveal that the individuals who developed anxiety-depressive disorders and were assisted in the Mental Health Center after the earthquake of Lorca had a higher level of healthy habits but showed a greater smoking habit and worse resting habit. Likewise, the group of cases has been more exposed to events related to earthquakes and show a greater emotional impact. They have also developed higher levels of functional disability due to reduce daily functioning and suffering from stigma as well as poorer quality of life. It has been posible to observe that age acted as a protective factor against the development of an anxiety- depressive disorders after the Lorca earthquake. Discussion.These findings allow us to establish certain strategies from the perspective of clinical practice nursing, in order to carry out preventive interventions (primary and secondary) and health promotion among the population when natural disasters occur. These strategies will consist of promoting a comprehensive approach which will highlight Education/Health training anda emotional support, including techniques such as relaxation therapies, mindfulness sessions, physical exercise and self-help groups. Conclusions. People diagnosed with anxiety-depressive disorders exposed to the Lorca earthquakes presented a greater practice of physical exercise, tobacco consumption and sleep problems. In addition, these subjects experienced greater functional disability and a lower perception of quality of life than those without anxiety-depressive disorders.