Efecto del tipo de práctica físico-deportiva extraescolar sobre la respuesta cardíaca en escolares de primaria

Abstract

ABSTRACT Due to the high levels of overweight and obesity in Spain and the exponential development in recent years of the defined by organisms, such as the WHO, as the epidemic of the 21st century, taking into consideration how important physical activity is in relation to its prevention and the few weekly hours devoted to physical activity at school, they have aroused the interest in carrying out this doctoral thesis. The main purpose of this research was to analyse the cardiac response in primary school children participating in extracurricular sports activities, define the differences found between boys and girls and between different sports, and determine whether there is any correlation with body mass index (BMI) and the effect that sex and the sport played can have on heart response. For this purpose, times and percentages of time spent were analysed in different ranges of intensity, including the time and percentage of time spent in MVPA (Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity), which is the intensity range recommended by several national and international organizations for the prevention of overweight and obesity. Thus, the percentage of time spent in MVPA is the most interesting for our research. In this research, 69 children participated; 35 of them played duathlon (19 boys and 16 girls) with an average age of 11.26 ± 1.35 years and 34 boys played football with an average age of 8.21 ± 0.41 years. The average heart rate, time and percentage of time in different ranges of intensity were analysed by monitoring heart rate with POLAR TEAM2 (Polar Electro¿, Kempele, Finland), during several sporting events. All participants remained 40.24% ± 26.51% of the minutes of activity in the range of MVPA intensity. By separately analysing the sports, we found out that the percentage of time spent in the range of MVPA intensity for football was 56.53% ± 21.40% and for duathlon 23.94% ± 20.55%; finding significance between them (p=0.000), and a great effect between the sport played and the percentage of MVPA (d=1.55). Considering sex, we found out that boys remained 43.33% ± 26.90% and girls remained 26.94% ± 20.80% of the minutes of activity in MVPA, finding significant differences between them (p=0.021). If we only take into account duathlon, boys participated 21.28% ± 20.55% and girls 26.94% ± 20.80% of the time in MVPA, without significant differences between them (p=0.351). The results obtained in this research regarding the different ranges of intensity of the participants in the different sports we have analysed (football and duathlon) encourage to promote the practice of these at the extracurricular level, since they prove to be an effective tool by increasing the contribution of levels of recommended daily physical activity. In this case, football amasses greater percentage of time in MVPA, and boys get superior values to girls regardless of the sport, but not within the same sport (duathlon). Correlations between BMI and average heart rate, time in minutes and percentage of time in minutes in the range of MVPA intensity were not found, both regardless of sex or sport and considering sex. We found out that football offers greater opportunities to remain in the range of MVPA intensity than duathlon.