Relación de aptitudes musicales, intelectuales y rasgos de personalidad e identificación del talento musical en escolares de diez a doce años

Résumé

ABSTRACT This research arises from the reflections of a Primary Education teacher about the quality of the development in the classroom of musical, intellectual skills and personality traits of students and about the organization of the areas in our educational system that does not correspond to the so-called "integral education". The theoretical framework comprises three chapters (intellectual skills, musical skills and personality) organized under the same criterion: firstly, a general conceptualization of the topic to be dealt with is carried out; secondly, the different theories and psychological approaches in which each chapter is based on are described; thirdly, the contributions that the main psychologists and pedagogues have made on each topic are gathered, and an approach to the characteristics of the development of musical, intellectual skills and traits of personality in students aged between ten to twelve is put forward; fourthly and lastly, a compilation of measurements concerning the different skills and traits of personality is carried out. The main goal of the research is to relate musical, intellectual skills and traits of personality as well as to identify musical talent in students from ten to twelve years old, which has been detailed in the following specific objectives a) to get to know the musical, intellectual skills and traits of personality of students from ten to twelve years old, b) to evaluate the musical, intellectual skills and traits of personality according to their sex and year, c) to analyse if there exists any relationship between musical and intellectual skills and personality traits; d) to identify musical talents among the assessed students; f) to study personality traits depending on the presence of musical talent. The participants are 932 students (488 boys and 444 girls) aged between ten and twelve, belonging to fourteen pre-school and primary school centres (being nine of them state schools and five state-subsidised schools) of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia. The instruments used to collect data were: (a) the Differential and General Aptitude Test Battery, BADyG-E3 to value intellectual skills; (b) the Seashore Musical Ability Test to evaluate musical skills and (c) the Children's Personality Questionnaire, Format, CPQ to identify personality traits. Furthermore, the Castelló and Batlle model to identify gifted students (1998) has been used for the results of the Seashore Test to find students with intellectual and musical skills. The results obtained concerning each specific objective have been: (a) the students stand out in the musical skill of rhythm and regarding the cognitive area they excel in the discrimination of differences and visual ortographic memory. Moreover, the profile of personality of the participants is defined with the following characteristics: intelligent, emotionally stable, sensible, open, calm, relaxed, enthusiastic, enterprising, extrovert, and with a low anxiety level; (b) in all the assessed dimensions there exist differences according to sex. Likewise, regarding the musical and intellectual skills and personality traits, there exist differences between the students of year five and year six; (c) the existence of a bilateral relationship between musical and cognitive skills is confirmed; (d) ten students with musical ability and twenty-nine musically gifted students are identified;( e) the students with intellectual and musical skills in all musical variables show significantly higher cognitive aptitudes than those who have not been identified as high ability students, (d) the students with intellectual and musical skills in all musical variables do not show significantly different personality traits to those who have not been identified as such.