El tiempo en la filosofía de Ortega

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS "THE TIME IN ORTEGA`S PHILOSOPHY" CARMEN HENARES GARIJO The main objective of this doctoral thesis has been to analyse Ortega's philosophy from the perspective of the time concept in order to prove that the temporary nature is an essential piece in the metaphysic of the vital reason and in the historical-narrative reason. This analysis also involves the aim of place the Ortega's thought in the frame of, on one hand, the occidental philosophical tradition, and, on the other hand, the main schools of thought of the moment which whom Ortega initiates an enriching dialogue. Other objective considered has been to analyse the evolution of Ortega's thought from the presence of the time matter and finally, we have tried to place the Ortega's reflection about the temporary nature not only on the inner context of his work but also in the frame which Ortega wanted our Spanish philosophy to be: Europe. With these objectives in mind, the methodology has consisted in a reading and selection of the Ortega's texts in order to supply our thesis with documentary evidence, reorganizing the basic pillars of Ortega's thought from the time perspective. Regarding to the way of exposition, we have chosen a metaphoric standpoint in each section, which has allowed for respecting the literary style of exposition and the sense of Ortega's philosophy with a no merely descriptive language; counting on , in addition, with Ortega's conviction of the metaphor being the true mental method that renews and increases the meaning of each reality to which we confront thoughtfully, and ,in this specific case, has allowed us for enlightening the temporary nature. Together with the metaphoric perspective, we have kept in mind other of the basis of Ortega's thought, the circumstantial nature, and so, we have understood Ortega in his circumstance, in the historical time that he had to live, a time that was understood by him as a possibility of rescuing Spain from the wreck it had arrived, offering the cool air of the Europeanization as a project, and imposing himself an imperative of clarity, that allowed him for saving the present and offering a suggestive project, sternly planed from the reflection. Following this methodology and developing the refereed objectives before, the main conclusion that we have reached is that there is a philosophy of time in Ortega's work, a concept of the temporary nature that is the basis of the vital reason and that allows as much to the development of this in historical and narrative reason as to the overcoming of the Idealism. The concept of the temporary nature in Ortega's thought is, firstly, a vital time, a lived reality, in other words, a lived time in the storyline which is the life of one of each us. Our life is, in essence, temporary and since we always have to decide it, is fundamentally futuristic. In this way, in the metaphysics of the vital reason, the first reality is the future, and the past and the present are discovered in relation to it. To show this real inner time, we have used Ortega's metaphors of a Roman guard, a blacksmith of the solitude, poets and novelist of the existence and the bull of the time. From this perspective we have reached, in turn to the conclusion that a vital reason which develops itself finally in the historical-narrative reason must have in its basis a clear conception of time. The analysis of historical reason has been carried out from the metaphors of the caravans of time and the towers of the circle, paying attention to the concept of the generations. Finally, the narrative reason has been showed from the method of the biography which Ortega defined metaphorically as an equation between past and future. In this sense, we have proved that the time in Ortega's thought has a triple dimension because when the vital time spreads out in the history, it makes into an historical time and it turns into a narrative time. This conception of the time confirms that Ortega goes beyond the philosophical Modernity, because the living and dramatic reason is just a temporary reason that to this effect has lost its security. From Ortega, therefore, we aren't just modern, only shipwreck survivors who do not give up to sink but we need to stay afloat because there is still a time to gain, to which we have no choice but to go relying on the clarification of what we have got now, the present and the past. So, the future is the vital, historical and narrative time that is necessary to understand from a reason that in Ortega must be vital and historical-narrative, overcoming the level of the eternal truths of the pure reason.