Activación de los músculos del tronco en ejercicios de estabilización raquídea
- Francisco Jose Vera Garcia
- Francisco David Barbado Murillo
- Belén Flores Parodi
- José Ignacio Alonso Roque
- José Luis López Elvira
ISSN: 1577-0354
Año de publicación: 2013
Volumen: 13
Número: 52
Páginas: 673-685
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la coactivación de los músculos del tronco durante ejercicios de estabilización del raquis. Para ello, se registró la electromiografía de los músculos rectus, obliquus externus y obliquus internus abdominis y erector spinae durante la realización del puente dorsal, el puente ventral y el puente lateral derecho e izquierdo. Los niveles de activación muscular necesarios para estabilizar el tronco durante la ejecución de los puentes fueron bajos o moderados. Los músculos abdominales se activaron principalmente en el puente ventral y lateral, y el erector spinae en el puente dorsal. En los puentes laterales se activaron todos los músculos del lado del brazo de apoyo. Por el contrario, los puentes ventral y dorsal aislaron la activación de los músculos abdominales y lumbares, respectivamente. Estos resultados podrían facilitar la selección de ejercicios de estabilización para el diseño de programas de acondicionamiento de los músculos del tronco.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Axler, C.T. y McGill, S.M. (1997). Low back loads over a variety of abdominal exercises: searching for the safest abdominal challenge. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29, 804-811.
- Bjerkefors, A., Ekblom, M.M., Josefsson, K. y Thorstensson, A. (2010). Deep and superficial abdominal muscle activation during trunk stabilization exercises with and without instruction to hollow. Manual Therapy, 15(5), 502-507.
- Brown, S.H.M., Vera-García, F.J. y McGill, S.M. (2006). Effects of abdominal muscle coactivation on the externally pre-loaded trunk: variations in motor control and its effect on spine stability. Spine, 3(13), E387-93.
- Cholewicki, J. y McGill, S.M. (1996). Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: implications for injury and chronic low back pain. Clinical Biomechanics, 11, 1-15.
- Delagi, E.F., Perotto, A., Lazzeti, J. y Morrison, D. (1981). Anatomic Guide for the Electromyographer. Springfield, USA: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
- Ekstrom, R.A., Donatelli, R.A. y Carp, K.C. (2007). Electromyographic analysis of core trunk, hip, and thigh muscles during 9 rehabilitation exercises. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 37, 754-762.
- Gómez-Conesa, A. y Valbuena Moya, S. (2005). Lumbalgia crónica y discapacidad laboral. Fisioterapia, 27(5), 255-265.
- Hubley-Kozey, C.L., Butler, H.L. y Kozey, J.W. (En prensa). Activation amplitude and temporal synchrony among back extensor and abdominal muscles during a controlled transfer task: comparison of men and women. Human Movement Science.
- Imai, A., Kaneoka, K., Okubo, Y., Shiina, I., Tatsumura, M., Izumi, S. y Shiraki, H. (2010). Trunk muscle activity during lumbar stabilization exercises on both a stable and unstable surface. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 40(6), 369-375.
- Kapandji, I.A. (1988). Cuadernos de fisiología articular. Cuaderno III. Tronco y raquis. Barcelona, Spain: Masson.
- Kavcic, N., Grenier, S. y McGill, S.M. (2004). Quantifying tissue loads and spine stability while performing commonly prescribed low back stabilization exercises. Spine, 29, 2319-2329.
- Konrad, P., Schmitz, K. y Denner, A. (2001). Neuromuscular evaluation of trunk-training exercises. Journal of Athletic Training, 36, 109-118.
- Lehman, G.J., Hoda, W. y Oliver, S. (2005). Trunk muscle activity during bridging exercises on and off a Swiss ball. Chiropractic & Osteopathy, 13, 14.
- McGill, S.M. (2002). Low back disordes. Evidence-based prevention and rehabilitation. Champaign, Illinois, USA: Human Kinetics.
- McGill, S.M., Grenier, S., Kavcic, N. y Cholewicki, J. (2003). Coordination of muscle activity to assure stability of the lumbar spine. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 13, 353-359.
- McGill, S.M. y Karpowicz, A. (2009). Exercises for Spine Stabilization: Motion/Motor Patterns, Stability Progressions, and Clinical Technique. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(1), 118-126.
- Monfort-Pañego, M., Vera-García, F.J., Sánchez-Zuriaga, D. y Sarti-Martínez, M.A. (2009). Electromyographic studies in abdominal exercises: a literature synthesis. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 32(3), 232-244.
- Moreside, J.M., Vera-García, F.J. y McGill, S.M. (2007). Trunk muscle activation patterns, lumbar compressive forces, and spine stability when using the bodyblade. Physical Therapy, 87, 153-163.
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (1981). A work practices guide for manual lifting. Technical Report No. 81-122. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: US Dept of Health and Human Service (NIOSH).
- Ng, J.K., Kippers, V. y Richardson, C.A. (1998). Muscle fibre orientation of abdominal muscles and suggested surface EMG electrode positions. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 38(1), 51-58.
- Sánchez-Zuriaga, D., Vera-García, F.J., Moreside, J.M. y McGill, S.M. (2009). Trunk muscle activation patterns and spine kinematics when using an oscillating blade: influence of different postures and blade orientations. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(6), 1055-1060.
- Stevens, V.K., Bouche, K.G., Mahieu, N.N., Coorevits, P.L., Vanderstraeten, G.G. y Danneels, L.A. (2006). Trunk muscle activity in healthy subjects during bridging stabilization exercises. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorder, 7, 75.
- Stevens, V.K., Vleeming, A., Bouche, K.G., Mahieu, N.N., Vanderstraeten, G.G. y Danneels, L.A. (2007). Electromyographic activity of trunk and hip muscles during stabilization exercises in four-point kneeling in healthy volunteers. European Spine Journal, 16, 711-718.
- Urquhart, D.M., Barker, P.J., Hodges, P.W., Story, I.H. y Briggs, C.A. (2005). Regional morphology of the transversus abdominis and obliques internus and external abdominis muscles. Clinical Biomechanics, 20, 233-241.
- Vera-García, F.J., Brown, S.H.M., Gray, J.R. y McGill, S.M. (2006). Effects of different levels of torso coactivation on trunk muscular and kinematic responses to posteriorly applied sudden loads. Clinical Biomechanics, 21(5), 443- 455.
- Vera-García, F.J., Elvira, J.L.L., Brown, S.H.M. y McGill, S.M. (2007a). Effects of abdominal stabilization maneuvers on the control of spine motion and stability against sudden trunk perturbations. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 17(5), 556-567.
- Vera-García, F.J., Grenier, S.G. y McGill, S.M. (2000). Abdominal response during curl-ups on both stable and labile surfaces. Physical Therapy, 80, 564–569.
- Vera-García, F.J., Moreside, J.M., Flores-Parodi, B. y McGill, S.M. (2007b). Activación de los músculos del tronco durante situaciones que requieren de la estabilización del raquis. Estudio de caso único. Apunts: Educación física y deportes, 87, 14-26.
- Vera-García, F.J., Moreside, J.M. y McGill, S.M. (2010). MVC techniques to normalize trunk muscle EMG in healthy women. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 20(1), 10-16.