La técnica y entrenamiento del salto con pértiga en jóvenes saltadores

Laburpena

The pole vault is the event of the athletics with higher levels of complexity regarding the execution of the movement. For the Viewer, this test is one of the most interesting and stetic discipline in athletics. The athlete driven by a fiberglass pole rises above a bar up to four times above their own height. Movements that makes the athlete in the air are divided into the following phases: run-up, take-off, a flight subjected to the pole and a free flight or pole release. Technical execution model should adapt to the elastic characteristics of the pole. Each phase of the movement must adapt to the response of the material in each moment of the technical phase to maximize the vertical thrust of the pole (Tidow, 1989). This combination of technical factors, impulses and elastic responses of the material has been studied in senior category (angle et al., 1994;) Choi, Yi Kim, Kang and Kim, 2011; Geese and Woznik, 1987; Gros and Kunkel, 1990; There, 1973; Schade, Arampatzis, Bruggemann, and Komi, 2004) and Junior categories (García and Guerrero, Romero, Palao, 2012;) Gudelj, Zagorac, and Babić, 2013; Simona and Cristian, 2015). These studies have provided a vision and approach to the mechanics of the pole vault. These works have focused on the analysis of the speed in the run-up and take-off, the times of execution of actions, the angle positions in different phases and the deformation of the pole. These technical analyses through different visions (McGill and Czingon, Kruber, 1983;) Tidow, 1989) gives the coaches a reference model for the control of the technical skills. In the specialized literature has been found also contributions on how to train carried out by technicians to world level athletes (Ferry and Tafnews, 1998;) Houvion, 1982; Petrov, 2005), for young jumpers of pole (Jagodin, Kurbatow, and Wolkow, 1987;) RUF, 1992) and on the use of different methodologies with young (Palao and Calderon, 2003). In the review of the literature of this event, access information about the technique of jump biomechanical analysis has been found in athletes in training (Gudelj et al., 2013;) Zagorac, Retelj, and Katic, 2008). The knowledge of this information provides valid references to analyze and evaluate young pole vault jumpers. However, these studies have not considered the means of training these young people wearing. Objective: The objective of this work was to establish qualitative and quantitative technical profile and training profile of male category youth and junior jumpers. Methods: twelve athletes jumping pole (17,14 ± SD 1.17 years) finalists of the Junior Cup of Spain and Spain Youth Championship. Discussed the best jump of the athlete in competition. The variables under study were 32 cinematic variables of different phases of the jump and 50 qualitative variables of the actions of the bouncer, nine variables related to the characteristics of the jumper and pole, and six variables relating to the type of training of the athlete. The variables were recorded through the analysis of digital photogrammetry in three dimensions (variables cinematic), with a gun radar (variable displacement), observational analysis (qualitative variables) and a questionnaire (characteristics of the) jumper and pole). Results and conclusions: athletes of the study have characteristics similar to other studies cinematic in junior category (Zagorac et al., 2008) and keep proportion with high level athletes biomechanical studies highlighting the differences it occur to pick up poles with less grip and different hardness. In technical analysis, the jumpers made a correct technical gesture in most of the technical variables, presenting major difficulties at the end of cycle and in pendulum phase. In the analysis of the means and methods of training, shows an increase of hours and training sessions regarding studies of the category under 16 (Palao and Calderon, 2003) and emphasizes the realization of theoretical work and exercises for avoid the fear in this event.