La orientación profesional para el empleo en Españamétodos y herramientas para intervenir desde la evidencia

Zusammenfassung

The impact of the 2008 crisis on the labour market makes career guidance for employment (CGE) a key element of active employment policies. Ensuring homogeneous and quality support for job seekers depends on having strict performance models based on evidence and assessment tools adapted to their situation. Objetives. To describe a comprehensible account of the role of CGE in Spain and its relevance in the post-crisis labour market. To this end, the following is proposed: • To define the scope of action of CGE in the Spanish employment services. • To develop a general, broad and open framework of action for CGE based on the most commonly used practices in Spain. • To study the impact of the motivational and behavioural elements involved in job search for people with work placement difficulties. • To analyse and interpret three valid and reliable scales to assess the different elements involved in the job search process • To convey the major pending issues of CGE in Spain in a significant way. Methodology. Employability is analysed using survival analysis (Cox regression) to calculate the probability of remaining unemployed. It is based on a previous study that analyses the duration of unemployment of CGE users aged over 45 in the Region of Murcia (Piqueras, Izquierdo, and Rodríguez Morejón, 2018). The study is extended by applying the same methodology to three other stakeholders: the total number of CGE users between 2010 and 2014 (25,806), women (12,708) and those aged under 25 (4,260). The study includes the different periods of time until employment according to three scales: Placement Facilitation System (PFS), Job Search Attitude Inventory (JSAI) and Well-founded Job Search Optimism (WJSO). Results: The survival models obtained are significant at a confidence level of p <.05. The total CGE users remain unemployed for an average of 550 days. For high scores, the unemployment period is reduced to 301 days on the PFS scale, 341 days on the JSAI scale and 236 days on the WJSO scale. The risk of prolonged unemployment of the total is 59.4%. 64.29% of women remain unemployed for over a year, 54.99% of those aged under 25 and 72.94% of those aged over 45. The thesis ends with the presentation of the three improved scales. The scales are previously validated by confirmatory factor analysis (Piqueras, Carrasco, Rodríguez-Arias, and Altuna, in press). In the Thesis, a detailed description of the elements of each improved scale is developed for its correct interpretation and an applicable version is provided in an annex. Conclusions. The convenience of using specific validated tools to develop the practice of CGE and improve the knowledge of the employment services is assessed. The aim is to provide adequate training to specialists in order to ensure a homogeneous service of comparable quality throughout the State. It is necessary to increase the digitalization of CGE and to have networks and discussion forums that facilitate meetings between CGE specialists in Spain. Finally, some lines of research and development of CGE are proposed: to promote randomized comparative studies, to carry out longitudinal analyses of results at the state level and to update the manuals and technical guides available, among others.