Arquitectura y urbanismo en Lorca en el siglo XIXel eclecticismo

Resumen

The main objective of the research carried out to prepare this doctoral thesis has been to highlight the urban development and 19th century buildings in Lorca and to evaluate the construction carried out by master builders who developed their work within the eclecticism of the Spanish southeast. The choice of the chronological period 1791-1893 for the plans is due to the existence of two references: the plan by Martínez de Lara and José Alcántara Palacios. In the case of the master builders, their activity in the 19th century has been taken into account. The methodology used has been comparative, as well as linear and chronological, from the oldest to the most recent. A series of hypotheses are proposed (using the hypothetical-deductive method), related to the urban growth of Lorca in the 19th century, and to the master builders and their eclectic architectures. To answer these questions, we proceed to direct observation of the city centre and to collect data to study them. The main sources are the Archivo Municipal de Lorca, the Archivo Histórico de Lorca, the Espín Cultural Fund, the Archivo General de la Region de Murcia or the Reales Academias de Bellas Artes de San Carlos (Valencia), San Fernando (Madrid) or Purísima Concepción (Valladolid). We analyzed the information and we concluded that the expansion of S. Francisco gardens with the building of Teatro Guerra was attempted, before proceeding to the systematic occupation of the Alamedas, a fact already reflected in the plan of 1846. The second focus is on the construction and opening of the bridge over the Guadalentín on the Murcia-Granada road, which will create new eclectic buildings alongside its route. The search for the authors and creators of urban renewal has led us to locate and attribute the works of some master builders. From 1864, Lorca had a new architect although he was not well received among professional builders. After his resignation in 1867, the master builders who would control the construction in the city was Manuel Martínez and Martínez, together with his father Francisco, Juan Gil, Pedro Martínez Franco, Lázaro Martínez Miñarro or José Antonio Pérez Chirinos, concentrating most of the projects. These masters with traditional studies left their mark on the city, constructing buildings in an eclectic provincial style. Some of them have buildings with brilliant details and, of course, the idea of social evolution. To do this, they acquire properties (land, buildings, water) and invest in different businesses (mining, factories) Finally, the authorship of different buildings has been attributed to local masters, and two specific ones to the architect Justo Millán Espinosa, the building located next to the Palacio de los Condes de San Julián and the López de Teruel house in the Plaza de Colón. With these statements and the thesis, it will be possible to proceed to the revision of the catalogue of 19th century buildings.