La persuasión como estrategia discursivatécnicas pragmático-suasorias en mítines de mujeres políticas

Abstract

ABSTRACT The politicians' language presents a necessary complexity in order to assess and analyze in detail aspects such as budgets from which to depart, the illocutionary force of the speaker, verbal and non-verbal language, implications, etc. In this thesis, we will examine the speeches of some Spanish women politicians during the campaigns to the Spanish General Elections of 2011 and 2015. The main pursued objective is the study of the persuasive strategies of political discourse, specifically, of Spanish women politicians throughout the electoral campaign. We will analyze the strategies used to convey an image and influence voters, as well as courtesy mechanisms to mitigate and achieve consensus. We could fulfill the objectives, which are basically focused on; 1) To deepen in aspects of Sociolinguistics, Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis; 2) To study the most significant works around the Discourse Analysis and the typology for the description of the argumentative text, specifically the political discourse; 3) To analyze the characteristics of the political language to reach potential voters and get adhesions; 4) To characterize the strategies used by the speakers to achieve persuasion; 5) To contribute to the study of political language and to clarify, as far as possible, the differences and affinities between the way of saying, the way of approaching the audience and the way of using persuasive resources; 6) To systematize the results obtained from this research in the elaboration of the conclusions. The methodology used to achieve the objectives is deductive, since it begins with the theoretical revision to arrive at the discursive analysis of a corpus, made up of interventions made during the electoral campaigns prior to the General Elections of November 2011 and March 2015 by the Popular Party (PP), Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Now Madrid-Podemos, Barcelona in Common-Podemos, Commitment Coalition and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD). It is about discerning the strategies also called mechanisms of persuasion, which each of them follows when they are defending a program, and if these strategies depend or are interrelated with their ideology and the party which they belong to. Non-verbal language will also be a reason for study because of the importance it has in the interpersonal communication. In the present research, elements of Politics, Speech, Rhetoric, Pragmatics, Sociolinguistics and Discourse Analysis are taken into account, since oral discourse refers to verbal and nonverbal aspects which may seem irrelevant at first sight, and which require a critical analysis of the discourse. As conclusions, we highlight the following: 1) The social and communicative aspect is of great importance, although the first linguistic research has not been taken into account; 2) Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis focus precisely on the context, hence both Grice's Principle of Cooperation (1975) and Searle's (1969) sincerity condition contemplate the breaking of ideal regulatory principles at certain times ; 3) If we consider that persuasion plays a fundamental role, it is not always possible to comply with the maxims, hence the importance of courtesy strategies; 4) In the political argument, each speaker has carried out strategies to persuade; 5) The language, vocabulary or structures used do not lead us to consider that women have a special language. ABSTRACT The politicians' language presents a necessary complexity in order to assess and analyze in detail aspects such as budgets from which to depart, the illocutionary force of the speaker, verbal and non-verbal language, implications, etc. In this thesis, we will examine the speeches of some Spanish women politicians during the campaigns to the Spanish General Elections of 2011 and 2015. The main pursued objective is the study of the persuasive strategies of political discourse, specifically, of Spanish women politicians throughout the electoral campaign. We will analyze the strategies used to convey an image and influence voters, as well as courtesy mechanisms to mitigate and achieve consensus. We could fulfill the objectives, which are basically focused on; 1) To deepen in aspects of Sociolinguistics, Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis; 2) To study the most significant works around the Discourse Analysis and the typology for the description of the argumentative text, specifically the political discourse; 3) To analyze the characteristics of the political language to reach potential voters and get adhesions; 4) To characterize the strategies used by the speakers to achieve persuasion; 5) To contribute to the study of political language and to clarify, as far as possible, the differences and affinities between the way of saying, the way of approaching the audience and the way of using persuasive resources; 6) To systematize the results obtained from this research in the elaboration of the conclusions. The methodology used to achieve the objectives is deductive, since it begins with the theoretical revision to arrive at the discursive analysis of a corpus, made up of interventions made during the electoral campaigns prior to the General Elections of November 2011 and March 2015 by the Popular Party (PP), Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Now Madrid-Podemos, Barcelona in Common-Podemos, Commitment Coalition and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD). It is about discerning the strategies also called mechanisms of persuasion, which each of them follows when they are defending a program, and if these strategies depend or are interrelated with their ideology and the party which they belong to. Non-verbal language will also be a reason for study because of the importance it has in the interpersonal communication. In the present research, elements of Politics, Speech, Rhetoric, Pragmatics, Sociolinguistics and Discourse Analysis are taken into account, since oral discourse refers to verbal and nonverbal aspects which may seem irrelevant at first sight, and which require a critical analysis of the discourse. As conclusions, we highlight the following: 1) The social and communicative aspect is of great importance, although the first linguistic research has not been taken into account; 2) Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis focus precisely on the context, hence both Grice's Principle of Cooperation (1975) and Searle's (1969) sincerity condition contemplate the breaking of ideal regulatory principles at certain times ; 3) If we consider that persuasion plays a fundamental role, it is not always possible to comply with the maxims, hence the importance of courtesy strategies; 4) In the political argument, each speaker has carried out strategies to persuade; 5) The language, vocabulary or structures used do not lead us to consider that women have a special language.