Programa Isquiosestudio de la salud de la espalda a través de redes de Inteligencia artificial en escolares de 6 a 16 años

  1. Martinez Romero, Maria Teresa
Dirixida por:
  1. María del Pilar Sainz de Baranda Andújar Director
  2. Fernando Santonja Medina Director

Universidade de defensa: Universidad de Murcia

Fecha de defensa: 01 de marzo de 2021

Tribunal:
  1. Susana Aznar Laín Presidente/a
  2. Raquel Hernández García Secretario/a
  3. Carmen del Río Rincón Vogal
Departamento:
  1. Actividad Física y Deporte

Tipo: Tese

Resumo

This doctoral thesis is divided into two research lines: 1) study of back health in children and adolescents, and 2) study of field-based tests for the assessment of trunk muscles endurance. Within the first research line, the aims were to study the prevalence of back pain (BP) and its characteristics (study 1) and to determine the physical factors associated with BP in children and adolescents from the Region of Murcia, through the protocol "Postural Fitness" (study 2). A sample of 513 (study 1) and 252 (study 2) students from the Region of Murcia with ages between 9 and 16 years was participated. Study 1 showed that 180 schoolchildren (35.1%) had BP in the last year. According to the chronological age of the participants, the prevalence of BP in the last year and the last month increased as the chronological age of the students, and the maturational status increased. According to the body mass index (BMI) classification, the prevalence of BP also increased from those schoolchildren with low or normal weight to those schoolchildren with overweight or obesity. Different patterns of BP prevalence were found according to sex. In boys, associations were found between BP and chronological age and between BP and BMI. On the other hand, in girls, associations were found between BP and chronological age, as well as with the maturation stage. The area of the spine where pain was noted most frequently was the lumbar area (59.4%), followed by the thoracic area (37.2%) and the cervical region (21.1%). In study 2, the assessment of thoracic curvature in boys revealed greater kyphosis in all positions assessed. On the contrary, for the lumbar curve, it was the girls who presented greater lordosis in standing, while in sitting and bending forward they presented a less pronounced lumbar kyphosis, together with a higher percentage of balanced pelvis. Regarding ROM, the girls showed a higher range in all the tests performed (ROM of the hip flexors and extensors). For the trunk muscles endurance tests, boys showed greater performance for the flexor-lateral muscles and girls for the extensor muscles. Regarding BP, an association was found between BP in boys and higher BMI, and between BP in girls and reduced ROM of the hip flexor muscles, and low trunk flexors endurance. With regard to the second research line, the aims were to know the field-based tests used to assess trunk muscular endurance (study 3), determine its reliability (study 4) and analyse the trunk muscles endurance in children and adolescents from the Region of Murcia according to their maturational status (study 5). In study 3, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to estimate the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of the field-based tests that assess trunk extensor muscles endurance, in addition to calculating the reliability induction rate of such tests. Only the Biering-Sorensen test presented enough scientific evidence in terms of reliability to justify its use for practical and research purposes. The position control instruments, the material and the familiarization session demonstrated a statistical association with the reliability between sessions for the Biering-Sorensen test. The reliability induction rate was 72.8%. Study 4 showed acceptable relative reliability for the tests analysed, but absolute reliability (precision of measurement) was poor. Only the Bench Trunk Curl-Up (BTC) test showed acceptable absolute reliability. Finally, in study 5 sex- and maturation-related differences were found in field-based tests that assess trunk muscular endurance. Pre-pubertal boys and girls showed a similar performance in all field-based tests, when they started the pubertal spurt the differences according to sex were relevant, with boys showing higher scores than girls in all tests. After the growth spurt, the differences between the sexes were maintained for the lateral trunk flexors and were equal for the trunk flexor and extensors tests.