Prosocialidad como elemento del desarrollo de la personalidad funcionalun estudio longitudinal en adolescentes

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is one of the most important stages in a person's life, and it is especially so because of its determining impact on the process of personality construction. It is the moment in which a way of being is forged that will mark the life of the person in his adult age. It is in this framework where, in a search for the acquisition of functional personality skills, the present study is designed to show the effectiveness of the development of factors such as prosociality, together with catalytic context such as those provided by the practice of physical activity regulate the goals that adolescents present at certain stages that will result in elements of success such as good social relations, psychological well-being or, as in this case, the academic qualifications obtained during this specific stage. With these elements it is tried to analyze the mechanism of operation of the prosocialidad in the funcionalida. There are a series of elements belonging to different spheres of psychology that interact together, and not always linear, but bidirectional and feedback to be giving rise to a series of behaviors, cognitions and personal bases in the individual to give rise to the macro element that would encompass all of them and thus offers the possibility of training elements of the personality through activities that by their nature, are suitable to be addressed from the educational context. Method. The general objective of this work was to establish, longitudinally, patterns of stability or lack thereof, in effective personality traits (prosocial reasoning, vital orientation of goals and personality) for performance in the educational context. For this, two studies with different designs were carried out. The design 1 is of cross section and the design 2, of longitudinal cut. Following the criteria set out by Ato, López and Benavente (2013), the work is framed within the category empirical research, non-experimental descriptive, associative type of comparative and predictive, as well as explanatory for some of the variables (personality, prosociality and goals). Specifically, the relationship between personality traits, prosocial reasoning and goal orientation among groups of different academic performance and practice of physical-sport activity under incidental non-random sampling is analyzed. The sample of study 1 was composed of a total of 601 adolescents with an average age of 16.55 years (SD = 1.12), and the sample of study 2 was formed by a total of 105 participants, who were asked for 3 years , with the PROM instruments (Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measure (PROM; Carlo, G., Eisenberg, N. and Knight., GP, 1992; Mestre, V., Frías, D., Samper, P. and Tur, A., 2002), Big Five ("Personality Questionnaire BFQ" by Caprara et al. (1993) by Bermúdez (1998)) and CMA (Questionnaire of Goals for Adolescents, Sanz de Acedo et al., 2003). Results: The present work, allowed to determine that, from a theoretical approach as the model of the Big Five of Personality, personality traits that are shown in the process of psychosociological construction, generate influences with prosocial reasoning and goals of adolescents, as well as with the academic performance offered in adolescence-main occupation and indicator at the same time aspects of a certain relevance (well-being, social relations, expectations and vocations of life, ...) -, have a direct relationship in the presence as adaptive and functional processes in adolescents.