De la botica a la farmaciainteriores urbanos al servicio de la ciencia y la sociabilidad en la Región de Murcia (1860-1931)

Abstract

This work presents the history of pharmacies in the Region of Murcia founded in the nineteenth century, for its part in local life and the preservation of its heritage. Among the main objectives of the research are: to contextualize the pharmacy in the corresponding space, to investigate the decoration of these spaces, to deepen the signtegyificance of pharmacies and their relation with the playful manifestations in the Region of Murcia and to elaborate a catalog of the movable goods related to the pharmacy, both in collections, museums and commercial establishments of the Region In order to achieve these objectives, the strategy was the historicle method, performing a triangulation between the information collected in the literature, the informants' speeches, the ethnographic observation in the attention spaces and other records such as photographs, engravings or painting. Among the main conclusions of this study can be considered that in the early nineteenth century pharmacies maintain the same configuration of the previous century, from the second half of it become an embellished space. There are several factors that converge to give rise to these very characteristic spaces: the importance of decoration and furniture in the nineteenth century home, the pharmacy becomes an extension of his home and the laws of 1855 and 1860 that define the profession, away from commerce and equated with medicine, make you become aware of class. The pharmacist wants to show his professional pride through the objects that decorate his pharmacy, because objects characterize their owners. The elements that make up the decoration of pharmacies since the second half of the nineteenth century are: furniture, painting and sculpture, pharmaceutical ceramics, glass and glass and scientific instruments. The connection between pharmacy and society is established through social gatherings, making these spaces representative of the bourgeois city of the nineteenth century; The culture of the tugboat is a sign of enlightenment and progressivism and an aspiration of scientific rigor. The Burial of the Sardine, as a playful manifestation of the city, was first originated in a pharmacy. The creation of new meeting spaces, Casinos, Ateneos, weakened the meetings in the rebotica, as collected by the press of the time preferred more comfortable places, with more superficial friendships. The catalog has been based on the technical data sheets of the National Museum of Decorative Arts.The number of pieces cataloged amounts to two hundred and sixty-nine, with their corresponding photograph, come from the pharmacies incorporated in the work, objects preserved in museums and two collections, public and private, located in the Region of Murcia. The introduction of industrialized medicines modifies the configuration of these spaces that are beautified in a very limited time: the furniture is adapted to contain the new specialties and the botamen moves to the highest shelves, the manual processing of their preparations: Reduces and meeting centers weaken the revolt gatherings. It is proposed as a solution for the historical heritage of pharmacies exposure in museums. It can mean the loss of the essence of these spaces and the purpose for which they were founded: to be part of society. They cease to be a living element, on the contrary, they allow the preservation of their movable property for the contemplation and study of the following generations.