Análisis de los sistemas de seguimiento de jugadores basados en GNSS y en posicionamiento local para su aplicación al fútbol

Resumen

The present doctoral thesis had the following general (OG) and specific (OE) objectives: (i) OG: to design a valid and reliable assembly for the automatic synchronization of an inertial system and photocells; (ii) OE: analyze the accuracy of the communication protocol created between the inertial system and the reference system (photocells); (iii) OE: determine the validity of the assembly in the inertial system to measure sprint and the time spent in performing sports tests; on the other hand, (iv) OG: determine the accuracy and reliability between units and test-retest of radiofrequency tracking systems (GPS and UWB); (v) OE: compare the two tracking systems for their application to the analysis of time-motion patterns in soccer; and finally, (vi) OG: to examine the accuracy and reliability of radiofrequency tracking systems (GPS and UWB) for the determination of the position of players in the field in soccer; (vii) OE: compare the accuracy and reliability of both tracking systems (GPS and UWB) for estimating the position of players in the field; and (viii) SO: compare the two tracking systems for their application to tactical analysis. For all this, different experimental protocols were designed according to the objective pursued. For objectives 1-3 a modification was designed and executed in the communication of both systems (IMU and photocells) so that the synchronization between both was automatic. For objectives 4 and 5 a circuit was designed with typical movements of soccer performance and the distance traveled and speed were measured by GPS and UWB to compare their data with the real measurements (tape measure and time gates respectively). For objectives 6-8, a circuit was designed that included typical soccer movements and was also geometric in order to be compared with digitally created polygons. In conclusion, the time measurements for the assembly between an inertial system and some photocells communicated by ANT + technology obtained a high precision, so it could be applied to make more efficient the monitoring of the time in the sport activity. In addition, an automatic synchronization between the time measurements and the integrated measures in the inertial system is achieved. On the other hand, it was shown that both GPS and UWB were suitable systems for time-movement measurements in soccer, although it was observed that UWB obtained greater accuracy than GPS in static conditions and over long periods of time. Both systems were also highly reliable. Finally, for its application to the tactical analysis and for the estimation of the exact position of players, a high accuracy and reliability of the UWB system was reported, in contrast to the GPS system.