Ansiedad estado precompetitiva en judocas
- Montero Carretero, Carlos
- Moreno Murcia, Juan Antonio
- González Ponce, Inmaculada
- Pulido González, Juan José
- Cervelló Gimeno, Eduardo
ISSN: 2174-0747
Año de publicación: 2012
Volumen: 7
Número: 1
Páginas: 26-43
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas (RAMA)
Resumen
Objetivos: Entendiendo la ansiedad desde una perspectiva multidimensional, el propósito de este estudio fue comprobar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario Competitive State Anxiety nventory-2 (CSAI-2) en judokas españoles, y examinar las diferencias de ansiedad estado precompetitiva en función de su nivel deportivo, edad y género. Método: Participaron en el estudio 128 judokas de nivel amateur y alto rendimiento. Las variables medidas antes de la competición fueron: intensidad y dirección de la ansiedad somática, cognitiva y autoconfianza del CSAI-2. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el questionario administrado presentó unas propiedades psicométricas aceptables, y que existen diferencias en la dirección de la ansiedad somática y cognitiva para la edad, así como en la intensidad de la autoconfianza para el nivel deportivo. Las implicaciones que estos resultados pueden tener en el proceso de entrenamiento y en la competición se discuten en el documento.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Abrahamsen, F.A.; Roberts, G.C.; Pensgaard, A.M. (2008). Achievement goals and gender effects on multidimensional anxiety in national elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(4), 449‐ 464.
- Andrade, E.M.; Lois, G.; Arce, C. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del inventario de ansiedad competitiva CSAI‐2R en deportistas. Psicothema, 19, 150‐155.
- Bandura, A. (1982). Self‐efficacy. Mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 377, 122‐ 147.
- Barbero García, M.I. y Pérez‐Llantada, M.C. (1999). Cuestionarios en psicología del deporte. En A. López de la Llave, M. C. Pérez‐Llantada y J. M. Buceta (Eds), Investigaciones breves en psicología del deporte (pp. 40‐45). Madrid: Dykinson.
- Bertollo, M; Saltarelli, B; Robazza, C. (2009). Mental preparation strategies of elite modern pentathletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 244‐254.
- Borkoveck, T.D. (1976). Psichologycal and cognitive process in the regulation of anxiety. En G. Schwart, y D. Shapiro (Eds), Consciousness and selfregulation: Advances in research, 1 (pp. 261‐312). New York: Plemen Press.
- Brandao, R. F. (1995). Ansiedade em atletas. Movimento, 1, 24‐27
- Brunet, J. y Sabiston, C.M. (2008). Social physique anxiety and physical activity: A selfdetermination theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.11.002.
- Burton, D. (1988). Do anxious swimmers swim slower? Reexamining the elusive anxietyperformance relationship. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 45‐61.
- Carretero‐Dios, H y Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5(3), 521‐551.
- Cepeda, M.; Montero, C.; García, L.; León, B.; Iglesias, D. (2011). La percepción de judocas de distinto nivel de pericia respecto a las actividades de entrenamiento específicas que contribuyen al rendimiento. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 145(28), 331‐340.
- Cerin, E.; Szabo, A.; Hunt, N.; Williams, C. (2000). Temporal patterning of competitive emotions: A critical review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 605‐626.
- Cervantes, J.L.; Rodas, G; Capdevila, L. (2009). Perfil psicofisiológico de rendimiento en nadadores basado en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y en estados de ansiedad precompetitiva. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 18(1), 37‐52.
- Cervelló, E.; Santos‐Rosa, F.J.; Jiménez, R.; Nerea, A.; García, T. (2002). Motivación y ansiedad en jugadores de tenis. Revista Motricidad, 9, 141‐161.
- Cheng, W.‐N. K.; Hardy, L.; Markland, D. (2009). Toward a three‐dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 271‐278.
- Covassin, T. y Pero, S. (2004). The Relationship between Self‐Confidence, Mood State and Anxiety among Collegiate Tennis Players. Journal of Sport Behavior, 27(3), 230‐242.
- Cox, R.H.; Martens, M.P.; Russell W.D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory‐2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 519‐533.
- Craft, L.L.; Magyar, T.M.; Becker, B.J.; Feltz, D.L. (2003). The relationship between the competitive state anxiety inventory‐2 and sports performance: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 44‐65.
- Davidson R.J. y Schwartz, G.E. (1976). The psicobiology of relaxation and related states: A multiprocess theory. En D. Mostovsky (Ed.), Behavioural control and modification of psychological activity (pp. 399‐442). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall.
- Eysenck, M.W. y Calvo, M.G. (1992). Anxiety and performance. The processing efficiency theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 409‐434.
- Filaire, E.; Sagnol, M.; Ferrand, C.; Maso, F.; Lac, G. (2001). Psychophysiological stress in judo during competitions. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41, 263‐268.
- Gould, D. (1987). Promoting positive sport experiences for children. In: M.J. Ash and J. May, Editors, Sport psychology: The psychological health of the athlete. New York: PMA Publishers.
- Gould, D.; Eklund, R.C.; Jackson, S.A. (1993). Coping strategies used by U.S. Olympic wrestlers. Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport, 64, 83‐93.
- Gould, D.; Greenleaf, C.; Krane, V. (2002). The arousal‐athletic performance relationship: Current status and future directions. En T.S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (2nd ed.; pp. 207‐ 241). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Gould, D. y Krane, V. (1992). The arousal‐athletic performance relationship: current status and future directions. En T. Horn (Ed). Advances in sport psychology (pp. 119‐141). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Gould, D.; Petlichkoff, L.; Weinberg, R.S. (1984). Antecedents of temporal changes in and relationships between CSAI‐2 components. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 289‐304.
- Hammermeister, J. y Burton, D. (1995). Anxiety and the Ironman: Investigating the antecedents and consequences of endurance athletes’ state anxiety. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 29‐40.
- Hanin, Y.L., (1980). A study of anxiety in sport. En W. P. Starub (Ed.), Sport Psychology: An Analysis of Athletic Behabior (pp. 236‐249) Ithaca, NY: Movement Publications.
- Hanin, Y.L. (1993). Optimal performance emotions in top athletes. En S. Serpa, J. Alves, V. Ferreira y A. Paula Brito (Eds.). Sport Psychology: An integrated approach. Proceedings of the VII World Congress of Sport Psychology (pp. 229‐232). Lisboa.
- Hanin, Y.L. (1997). Emotions and athletic performance: Individual zones of optimal functioning model. European Yearbook of SportPsychology, 1, 29‐72.
- Hanton, S.; Cropley, B.; Lee, S. (2009). Reflective practice, experience, and the interpretation of anxiety symptoms. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(5), 517‐533.
- Hanton, S. y Connaughton, D. (2002). Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to selfconfidence and performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73, 87‐97.
- Hanton, S.; Evans, L.; Neil, R. (2003). Hardiness and the competitive trait anxiety response. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 16, 167‐184.
- Hanton, S. y Jones, G. (1999). The acquisition and development of cognitive skills and strategies: I. Making the butterflies fly in formation. The Sports Psychologist, 13, 4‐21.
- Hanton, S.; Mellieau, S.D.; Hall, R. (2004). Self‐confidence and anxiety interpretation: A qualitative investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 477‐495.
- Hanton, S.; Neil, R.; Mellalieu, S.D.; Fletcher, D. (2008). Competitive experience and performance status: An investigation into multidimensional anxiety and coping. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 143‐152.
- Hardy, L. (1997). The Coleman Roberts Griffiths address: Three myths about applied consultancy work. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 277‐294.
- Hardy, L. y Facey, J. (1987). The inverted‐U hypothesis: A catastrophe for sport psychology. Paper presented at the meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity, Vancouver, BC.
- Hardy, L.; Jones, G.; Gould, D. (1996).Understanding psychological preparation in sport: theory and practice of elite performers. Chichester, U.K: Wiley.
- Hatzigeorgiadis, A.; Zourbanos N.; Mpoumpaki, S.; Theodorakis, Y. (2009). Mechanisms underlying the self‐talk ‐ performance relationship: The effects of self‐talk on self‐confidence and anxiety. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 186‐192.
- Hernández, R.; Olmedilla, A.; Ortega, E. (2008) Ansiedad y autoconfianza de jóvenes judokas en situaciones competitivas de alta presión. Anállse Psicológica, 26(4), 689‐696.
- Jaenes, J.C. y Caracuel, J.C. (2005). Investigación acerca de la ansiedad precompetitiva. En Maratón. Preparación psicológica para el entrenamiento y la competición (pp. 83‐99). Sevilla: Almuzara.
- Jones, G. (1991). Recents developments and current issues in competitive state anxiety research. The Sport Psychologist, 4, 152‐155.
- Jones, G. (1995). More than just a game: research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. British journal of psychology, 86, 4, 449‐478.
- Jones, G. y Hanton, S. (1996), Interpretation of competitive anxiety symptoms and goal attainment expectations. Journal of Sport y Exercise Psychology, 18, 144‐157.
- Jones, G. y Hanton, S. (2001). Pre‐competitive feeling states and directional anxiety interpretations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 385‐395.
- Jones, G.; Hanton, S.; Swain, A.B.J. (1994). Intensity and interpretation of anxiety symptoms in elite and non‐elite sports performers. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 657‐663.
- Jones, G. y Swain, A.B.J. (1992). Intensity and direction as dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with competitiveness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74, 467‐472.
- Jones, G. y Swain, A.B.J. (1995). Predispositions to experience facilitating and debilitating anxiety in elite and non‐elite performers. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 201‐211.
- Jones, G.; Swain, A.; Hardy, L. (1993). Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with performance. Journal of Sport Science, 11, 525‐532.
- Kuuseok,‐E y Ratassepp,‐E. (2001). Pre‐competitive state anxiety of young judo athletes. Sportlaste voistluseelse seisundi uurimine. Kehakultuuriteaduskonnateadusjaoppemetoodilistetoodekogumik‐(Tartu) 92001, 110‐115.
- Landers, D.M. y Boutcher, S.H. (1986). Arousal performance relationship. En J.M. Williams (comp.), Applied sport psychology: personal growth to peak performance. Palo Alto, Ca.: Mayfield Publishing Company.
- Liebert, R.M. y Morris, L.W. (1967). Cognitive and emotional components of tests anxiety: A distinction and some initial data. Psychologist Reports, 20, 975‐978.
- López‐Torres, M.; Torregrosa, M.; Roca, J. (2007). Características del "Flow", ansiedad y estado emocional en relación con el rendimiento de deportistas de elite. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 7(1), 25‐44.
- Mamassis, G. y Dogamis, G. (2004). The effects of a mental training program on juniors precompetitive anxiety, self‐confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied of Sport Psychology, 16, 118‐137.
- Marahrens, L. y Keil, J.G. (2004). Training champions. An analysis of the phenomenon from the athlete's point of view. Zeitschriftfur Sportpsychologie, 11(3), 112‐120.
- Márquez, S. (2004). Ansiedad, estrés y deporte. Madrid: EOS.
- Martens, R. (1977). Competitive State Anxiety Test. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Martens, R.; Vealey, R.S.; Burton, D (1990a). Competitive Anxiety in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Martens, R.; Burton, D.; Rivkin, F.; Simo, J. (1980). Reliability and validity of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI). En C. H. Nadeau, W. C. Halliwell, K. M. Newell, & G. C. Roberts (Eds.), Psychology of Motor Behavior and Sport (pp.91‐99). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Martens, R.; Burton, D.; Vealey, R.S.; Bump, L.A.; Smith, D.E. (1982). Competitive state anxiety inventory‐2. Symposium conducted at the meeting of North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA), College Park, MD.
- Martens, R.; Burton, D.; Vealey, R.S.; Bump, L.A.; Smith, D.E. (1990b). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory‐2 (CSAI‐2). En R. Martens. R.S. Vealey, y D. Burton, Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117‐190). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Maynard, I.W. y Cotton, P.C. (1993). An investigation of two stress‐management techniques in a field setting. The Sport Psychologist, 7, 375‐387.
- Maynard, I.W.; Hemmings, B.; Warwick‐Evans, L. (1995). The effects of a somatic intervention strategy on competitive state anxiety and performance in semi‐professional soccer players. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 51‐64.
- Maynard, I.W. y Howe, B.L. (1987). Interrelations of trait anxiety and state anxiety with games performance of rugby players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 64, 599‐602.
- Maynard, I.W.; Smith, M.J.; Warwick‐Evans, L. (1995). The effects of a cognitive intervention strategy on competitive state anxiety and performance in semiprofessional soccer players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 438‐446.
- Mellalieu, S.D.; Hanton, S.; O’brien, M. (2004). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 14, 326‐334.
- Moraes, L.C. (1987). The relationship between anxiety and performance of Brasilian judokas. Unpublished master’s thesis, Michigan State University.
- Moya‐Albiol, L.; Salvador, A.; Costa, R.; Martinez‐Sanchis, S.; González‐Bono, E.; Ricarte, J.; Arnedo, M. (2001). Psychophysiological responses to the stroop task after a maximal cycle ergometry in elite sportsmen and physically active subjects. International journal of psychophysiology, 40(1): 47‐59.
- Nasioudis, CH.; Kabitsi, A.; Kabitsis, CH.; Harahousou, Y.; Lailoglou, A. (2005). The Effect of Weighing on State Anxiety among Judo Players. Physical Training. http://ejmas.com/pt/2005pt/ptart_Nasioudis_0805.html.
- Perry, J.D. y Williams, J.M. (1998). Relationship of intensity and direction of competitive trait anxiety to skill level and gender in tennis. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 169‐179.
- Pozo, A. (2007). Intensidad y dirección de la ansiedad competitiva y expectativas de resultados en atletas y nadadores. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 16(2), 137‐150.
- Raudsepp, L. y Kais, K. (2002). The relationship between state anxiety and performance in beach voleyball players. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 43, 403‐416.
- Rodrigo, G.; Luisardo, M.; Pereira, G. (1990). Relationship between anxiety and performance in soccer players. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 112‐120.
- Ruiz, M.C. y Hanin, Y.L. (2004a). Idiosyncratic description of anger states in skilled Spanish karate athletes: an application of the IZOF model. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 13, 75‐93.
- Ruiz, M.C. y Hanin, Y.L. (2004b). Athlete’s self perceptions of optimal states in karate: an application of the IZOF model. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 13, 229‐244.
- Salvador, A.; Suay, F.; González‐Bono, E.; Serrano, M.A. (2003). Anticipatory cortisol, testosterone and psychological responses to judo competition in young men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28, 364‐375.
- Santos‐Rosa, F.J. (2003). Motivación, ansiedad y flow en jóvenes tenistas. Tesis doctoral. Cáceres: Universidad de Extremadura.
- Smith, R.E. (2008). Avances en la Teoría Cognitivo‐Social de la Personalidad: Aplicaciones a la Psicología del Deporte. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 17(2), 253‐276.
- Smith, R.E.; Smoll, F.L.; Schutz, R.W. (1990). Measurements and correlates of sport‐specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: the sport anxiety scale. Anxiety Research, 2, 263‐280.
- Spence, J.T. y Spence, K.W. (1966). The motivational components of manifest anxiety: Drive and drive stimuli. En C.D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety and behavior (pp. 291‐326). New York. Academic Press.
- Spielberger, C.D. (1972). Conceptual and methodological issues in anxiety research. En C.D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research (vol.2, pp. 23‐49). New York: Academic Press.
- Spielberger, C.D. y Díaz, R. (1975). IDARE Inventario de Ansiedad EstadoRasgo. México: Manual Moderno.
- Tsopani, D.; Dallas, G; Skordilis, E.K. (2011).Competitive state anxiety and performance in Young female rhythmic gymnasts. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112(2), 549‐560.
- Weinberg, R.S. y Gould, D. (2010). Fundamentos de Psicología del Deporte y del Ejercicio Físico (4ª ed.) Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
- Weinberg, R. S. y Gould, D. (2003). Foundations of sport y exercise psychology (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Wolframm, I.A. y Micklewright, D. (2011). The effect of a mental training program on state anxiety and competitive dressage performance. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 6, 267‐275.
- Woo Han, M. (1996). Psychological profiles of Korean elite judoists. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(6), 67‐71.