Lesiones de ganado porcino de cebo en mataderoclasificación y creación de un banco de imágenes. Limitaciones del método de inspección

Abstract

The inspection system established in slaughterhouses of the European Union stipulates that official controls are carried out in them should be based on a prior assessment of the risks to public health, animal health and animal welfare to match the type and performance of the processes carried out in each slaughterhouses. The inspection system can be more or less accurate depending on factors related to the staff that carried out, the competent authorities responsible and the slaughterhouse where it applies. Factors related to staff that determine the accuracy of the inspection systems include their training, experience, the number of staff assigned to the inspection and motivation. The official veterinarian is responsible for carrying out inspection tasks in slaughterhouses, including ante mortem inspection of live animals, animal welfare control and post mortem inspection of meat obtained from animals slaughtered; after these tasks of inspection, the official veterinarian must take appropriate measures with regard to live animals, the control of animal welfare and the fresh meat, record the performed actions and tests carried out, and communicate inspection results that are considered relevant for managers of farming and slaughterhouse. To perform these functions adequately the official veterinarian must have the necessary qualifications. Reports produced on inspection in slaughterhouses in the EU shows mostly related deficiencies ante mortem and post mortem, control of animal welfare and responsibilities of the competent authorities. Ante mortem inspection is a clinical test that looks for the identification of abnormal or sick animals before entering the slaughterhouse for slaughter. Post mortem inspection is a histological examination designed to detect and eliminate macroscopic anomalies that might affect the fitness of the meat for human consumption. Consequently, the inspection tasks assigned to the official veterinarian must rely on specialized technical knowledge of the clinical signs and morphological alterations they can be observed and which vary according to species, age and the system of production, primarily. This work has been done as official veterinarian from two abattoirs in bait pig by a period of 8 years. Both the clinical signs observed during the ante mortem inspection and morphological alterations observed during the inspection post mortem have been studied, photographed and classified according to their importance within the field of public health, animal health, animal welfare, animal production and decision‐making on the live animals and meat. Thus, in this work it has obtained a collection of 1219 images of macroscopic morphological alterations. On the other hand, has been carried out a study of prevalence of a group of these morphological alterations in a sample of 1000 slaughtered pigs, a data analysis that provide records of seizures and a study of the limitations of the system of inspection applied...