Organizational culture and family businessA configurational approach
- Gregorio Sánchez Marín
- Antonio José Carrasco Hernández
- Ignacio Danvila del Valle
- Miguel Ángel Sastre Castillo
ISSN: 2444-8788, 2444-877X
Year of publication: 2016
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 99-107
Type: Article
More publications in: European Journal of Family Business
Abstract
This paper adopts a configurational approach to explore the degree of matching among typologies of organizational culture and categories of family firm. Based on a sample of 491 Spanish firms with diverse levels of family involvement and using the organizational cultural assessment instrument (OCAI), results show that family owned and managed firms and professionally managed family are characterized by a clan culture typology while market and hierarchy cultures are more relevant in non-family firms. Potential determinants and consequences of these matches are explained and discussed.
Bibliographic References
- Alvesson, M. (1993). Cultural perspectives on organizations. Cambridge: University Press.
- Anderson, R., Mansi, S., & Reeb, D. (2002). Founding family ownership and the agency cost of debt. Journal of Financial Economics, 68(2), 263---285.
- Barney, J. B. (1986). Organizational culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage? Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656---665.
- Barontini, R., & Caprio, L. (2006). The effect of family control on firm value and performance. European Financial Management, 12(5), 689---723.
- Cameron, K., & Quinn, R. (1999). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture. New York: Addison-Wesley Series.
- Carrasco-Hernández, A., & Sanchez-Marin, G. (2007). The determinants of employees compensation in family firms: Empirical evidence. Family Business Review, 20(3), 215---228.
- Chandler, G., Keller, C., & Lyon, D. (2000). Unraveling the determinants and consequences of innovation-supportive culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(1), 59---76.
- Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J., & Steier, L. (2002). The influence of national culture and family involvement on entrepreneurial perceptions and performance at the state level. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 113---130.
- Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., Pearson, A. W., & Barnett, T. (2012). Family involvement, family influence, and family-centered noneconomic goals in small firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36, 267---293.
- Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Chang, E. (2004). Are family firms born or made? An exploratory investigation. Family Business Review, 17(1), 37---54.
- Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19---39.
- Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., Steier, L. P., & Rau, S. B. (2012). Sources of heterogeneity in family firms: An introduction. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(6), 1103---1113.
- Corbetta, G., & Montemerlo, D. (1999). Ownership, governance, and management issues in family SME: Comparison of Italy and USA. Family Business Review, 12(4), 361---374.
- Denison, D. (1990). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York: Wiley.
- Denison, D., Lief, C., & Ward, J. (2004). Culture in family-owned enterprises: Recognizing and leveraging unique strengths. Family Business Review, 17, 61---71.
- Deshpandé, R., Farley, J., & Webster, F. E. (1993). Corporate culture, customer orientation, and innovativeness in Japanese firm: Quadrad analysis. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 23---27.
- Donckels, R., & Frölich, E. (1991). Are your family businesses really different? European experiences from STRATOS. Family Business Review, 4(2), 149---160.
- Dyer, W. G. (1986). Cultural change in family firms: Anticipating and managing business and family transitions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Fey, C., & Denison, D. R. (2003). Organizational culture and effectiveness: Can American theory be applied in Russia? Organization Science, 14(6), 686---706.
- Gallo, M. A. (1992). Cultura en empresa familiar. Nota Técnica DGN457. Barcelona: IESE.
- Gersick, E., Davis, J. A., McCollom, M., & Lansberg, I. (1997). Empresas familiares. Generación a generación. Mexico: McGraw Hill.
- Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., NúnÌez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. L., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2007). Socioemotional wealth nd business risks in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106---137.
- Gómez-Mejía, L. R., NunÌez-Nickel, M., & Gutierrez, I. (2001). The role of family ties in agency contracts. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 81---95.
- Gudmundson, D., Burk, C., & Hartman, E. (2003). Innovation in small firms: Culture and ownership structure do matter. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 8(1), 1---17.
- Habbershon, T. G., Williams, M., & MacMillan, I. C. (2003). A unified systems perspective of family firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 451---465.
- Habbershon, T. G., & Williams, M. L. (1999). A resource-based framework for assessing strategic advantages of family firms. Family Business Review, 12, 1---22.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). London: Pearson International Edition.
- Hall, A., Melin, L., & Nordqvist, M. (2001). Entrepreneurship as radical change in family firm: Exploring the role cultural patterns. Family Business Review, 14(3), 193---208.
- Jorissen, A., Laveron, E., Martens, R., & Reheul, A. (2005). Real versus sample-based differences in comparative FB research. Family Business Review, 18(3), 229---247.
- Karra, N., Tracey, P., & Phillips, N. (2006). Altruism and agency in the family firm. Entrepreneur Theory and Practice, 30(6), 861---877.
- Kotter, J., & Heskett, J. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. New York: Free Press.
- Leal-Rodríguez, A., Albort-Morant, G., & Martelo-Landroguez, S. (2016). Links between entrepreneurial culture, innovation, and performance: The moderating role of family firms. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11365-016-0426-3 (in press)
- Litz, R. (1995). Family business: Toward definitional clarity. Family Business Review, 8(2), 71---81.
- Merino, F., Monreal-Perez, J., & Sanchez-Marin, G. (2015). Family SMEs’ internationalization: Disentangling the influence of familiness on Spanish firms’ export activity. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1164---1184.
- Monreal-Pérez, J., & Sánchez-Marín, G. (2017). Does transitioning from family to non-family controlled firm influence internationalization? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development., http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2017-0029
- Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. (2000). Leadership organizational culture & performance: Evidence from UK. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(4), 766---788.
- Pistrui, D., Harold, P., Welsch, D., Wintermantel, O., Liao, J., & Pohl, H. (2000). Entrepreneurial orientation and family forces in the new Germany: Similarities and differences between East and West German entrepreneurs. Family Business Review, 13(3), 251---264.
- Poza, E., Alfred, T., & Maheswari, A. (1997). Stakeholder perceptions of culture and management practices in family firms. Family Business Review, 10(2), 135---155.
- Rogoff, E., & Heck, R. (2003). Evolving research in entrepreneurship and family business: Recognizing family as the oxygen that feeds the fire of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 559---566.
- Sanchez-Marin, G., Danvila-del-Valle, I., & Sastre-Castillo, M. (2015). Entrepreneurship and family business: Does the organization culture affect to firm performance? In M. Peris-Ortiz, & J. M. Sahut (Eds.), New challenges in entrepreneurship and finance (pp. 169---179). Switzerland: Springer International.
- Sanchez-Marin, G., MeronÌo-Cerdan, A. L., & Carrasco-Hernandez, A. (2017). Formalized HR practices and firm performance: An empirical comparison of family and non-family firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1289547 (in press)
- Sanchez-Marin, G., Portillo-Navarro, M. J., & Clavel, J. G. (2016). The influence of family involvement on tax aggressiveness of family firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 6(2), 143---168.
- Schein, E. H. (1995). The role of the founders in creating organizational culture. Family Business Review, 8(3), 221---238.
- Schulze, W., Lubatkin, M., Dino, R., & Buchholtz, A. (2001). Agency relationships in family firms: Theory and evidence. Organization Science, 12(2), 99---116.
- Sorenson, E. D. (2000). The contribution of leadership style and practices to family and business success. Family Business Review, 13(3), 183---200.
- Steier, L. (2001). Family firms, plural forms of governance, and the evolving role of trust. Family Business Review, 14(4), 353---367.
- Stock, G., McFadden, K., & Gowen, C. (2007). Organizational culture, success factors, and the reduction hospital error. International Journal Production Economics, 106(2), 368---392.
- Tsui, A., Zhang, Z., Wang, H., Xin, K., & Wu, J. (2006). Unpacking the relationship between CEO leadership behavior and organizational culture. Leadership Quaterly, 17(2), 113---137.
- Van den Berghe, L., & Carchon, S. (2003). Agency relations within the family business system: An exploratory approach. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11(3), 155---285.
- Zahra, S., Hayton, J., & Salvato, C. (2004). Entrepreneurship in family vs. non-family firms: A resource based analysis of the effect of organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 363---381.