Current state of the natural melatonin: the phytomelatonin market
-
1
Universidad de Murcia
info
ISSN: 2641-0281
Year of publication: 2024
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Pages: 242-248
Type: Article
More publications in: Melatonin Research
Abstract
Melatonin is a dietary supplement substance widely distributed in the global market and its therapeutic use has been significantly expanded from its original use to target the jet-lag. In this report, we have discussed the current situation of the natural melatonin market, an “alternative melatonin” to chemically synthesized melatonin, with exclusive characteristics and possibilities, to focus on a more selective, eco-friendly market that orients its consumption to natural and healthy products. The different possibilities obtained melatonin from genetically modified organisms to phytomelatonin which are extracted from algae/microalgae or medicinal plants are discussed.
Bibliographic References
- Mordor Intelligence: Melatonin market - growth, trends, covid-19 impact, and forecasts (2022-2027), 2021.
- Future Market Insights: Melatonin Market, 2024.
- Research and Markets: 2024 Melatonin Market Outlook Report: Industry Size, Market Shares Data, Insights, Growth Trends, Opportunities, Competition 2023 to 2031. Melatonin Mark Outlook Rep.
- Hugel HM, Kennaway DJ (1995) Synthesis and chemistry of melatonin and of related compounds. A review. Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 27: 1–31.
- Back K (2021) Melatonin metabolism, signaling and possible roles in plants. Plant J. 105: 376–391.
- Back K, Tan DX and Reiter RJ (2016) Melatonin biosynthesis in plants: multiple pathways catalyze tryptophan to melatonin in the cytoplasm or chloroplasts. J. Pineal Res. 61: 426–437.
- Tan DX, Manchester CL, Esteban-Zubero E, Zhou Z and Reiter JR (2015) Melatonin as a potent and inducible endogenous antioxidant: synthesis and metabolism. Molecules 20: 18886–18906.
- Danilovich ME, Alberto MR and Juárez-Tomás MS (2021) Microbial production of beneficial indoleamines (serotonin and melatonin) with potential application to biotechnological products for human health. J. Appl. Microbiol. 131: 1668–1682.
- Fernández-Cruz E, Carrasco-Galán F, Cerezo-López AB, et al. (2020) Occurrence of melatonin and indolic compounds derived from l-tryptophan yeast metabolism in fermented wort and commercial beers. Food Chem. 331: 127192.
- Hardeland R and Poeggeler B (2003) Non-vertebrate melatonin. J. Pineal Res. 34: 233–241.
- Ma Y, Jiao J, Fan X, Sun H, Zhang Y, Jiang J and Liu C (2017) Endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens RG11 may transform tryptophan to melatonin and promote endogenous melatonin levels in the roots of four grape cultivars. Front. Plant Sci. 7: 2068.
- Muñiz-Calvo S, Bisquert R, Fernández-Cruz E, García-Parrilla MC and Guillamón JM (2019) Deciphering the melatonin metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the bioconversion of related metabolites. J. Pineal Res. 66: e12554.
- Arnao MB and Hernández-Ruiz J: Phytomelatonin: Searching for plants with high levels as a natural source of nutraceuticals. In: Studies in Natural Products Chemistry (Bioactive Natural Products), vol. 46. Atta-ur-Rahman FRS (ed.) Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 519–545, 2015.
- Arnao MB and Hernández-Ruiz J: Phyto-melatonin: A natural substance from plants with interesting nutraceutical properties. In: Nutraceuticals: Prospects, Sources and Role in Health and Disease. Motohashi N (ed.) NOVA Science Publ., New York, pp. 123–157, 2017.
- Arnao MB and Hernández-Ruiz J (2018) Phytomelatonin, natural melatonin from plants as a novel dietary supplement: Sources, activities and world market. J. Funct. Foods 48: 37–42.
- Germann SM, Baallal Jacobsen SA, Schneider K, et al. (2016) Glucose-based microbial production of the hormone melatonin in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol. J. 11: 717–724.
- Bisquert R, Planells-Cárcel A, Alonso-del-Real J, Muñiz-Calvo S and Guillamón JM (2023) The role of the PAA1 gene on melatonin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a search of new arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferases. Microorganisms 11: 1115.
- Ganguly S, Mummaneni P, Steinbach PJ, Klein DC and Coon SL (2001) Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of the melatonin rhythm enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87). J. Biol. Chem. 276: 47239–47247.
- Luo H, Schneider K, Christensen U, Lei Y, Herrgard M and Palsson BØ (2020) Microbial synthesis of human-hormone melatonin at gram scales. ACS Synth. Biol. 9: 1240–1245.
- Tan D-X, Hardeland R, Manchester LC, Rosales-Corral S, Coto-Montes A, Boga JA and Reiter RJ (2012) Emergence of naturally occurring melatonin isomers and their proposed nomenclature. J. Pineal Res. 53: 113–121.
- Marioni F, Bertoli A and Pistelli L (2008) A straightforward procedure to biosynthesis melatonin using freshly chopped Achillea millefolium L. as reagent. Phytochem. Lett. 1: 107–110.
- Arnao MB (2014) Phytomelatonin: discovery, content, and role in plants. Adv. Bot. 2014: e815769.
- Cheng G, Ma T, Deng Z, et al. (2021) Plant-derived melatonin from food: a gift of nature. Food Funct. 12: 2829–2849.
- Manchester LC, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Park W, Monis K and Qi W (2000) High levels of melatonin in the seeds of edible plants. Possible function in germ tissue protection. Life Sci. 67: 3023–3029.
- Garrido M, Espino J, González-Gómez D, et al. (2009) A nutraceutical product based on Jerte Valley cherries improves sleep and augments the antioxidant status in humans. E-SPEN Eur. E-J. Clin. Nutr. Metab. 4: e321–e323.
- Garrido M, Paredes SD, Cubero J, et al. (2010) Jerte valley cherry-enriched diets improve nocturnal rest and increase 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity in the urine of middle-aged and elderly humans. J. Gerontol. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 65: 909–914.
- Losada M, Cano A, Hernández-Rui̇z J and Arnao MB (2022) Phytomelatonin content in Valeriana officinalis L. and some related phytotherapeutic supplements. Int. J. Plant Based Pharm. 2: 176–181.
- Arnao MB, Giraldo-Acosta M, Castejón-Castillejo A, et al. (2023) Melatonin from microorganisms, algae, and plants as possible alternatives to synthetic melatonin. Metabolites 13: 72.
- Pérez-Llamas F, Hernández-Ruiz J, Cuesta A, Zamora S and Arnao MB (2020) Development of a phytomelatonin-rich extract from cultured plants with excellent biochemical and functional properties as an alternative to synthetic melatonin. Antioxidants 9: 158.
- Kukula-Koch W, Szwajgier D, Gawel-Beben K, Strzepek-Gomolka M, Glowniak K and Meissner HO (2021) Is phytomelatonin complex better than synthetic melatonin? The assessment of the antiradical and anti-inflammatory properties. Molecules 26: 6087.
- Burkhardt S, Tan DX, Manchester LC, Hardeland R and Reiter RJ (2001) Detection and quantification of the antioxidant melatonin in Montmorency and Balaton tart cherries (Prunus cerasus). J. Agric. Food Chem. 49: 4898–4902.
- Chen G, Huo Y, Tan DX, Liang Z, Zhang W, and Zhang Y (2003) Melatonin in Chinese medicinal herbs. Life Sci. 73: 19–26.
- Murch SJ, Simmons CB and Saxena PK (1997) Melatonin in feverfew and other medicinal plants. Lancet 350: 1598–1599.
- Murch SJ and Saxena PK (2006) A melatonin-rich germplasm line of St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). J. Pineal Res. 41: 284–287.
- Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J and Arnao MB (2024) Role of exogenous melatonin in plant biotechnology: Physiological and applied aspects. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 43: 395-404.
