¿Qué saben y qué deberían saber los futuros maestros de Educación Física sobre PCR y primeros auxilios en su práctica profesional?

Abstract

Summary: Accidents and health problems in schools are a significant concern, with teachers being the main agents of safety and prevention. Most teachers do not have the necessary training in first aid and CPR. This is because training is not mandatory and there are not enough resources to offer it. This research focuses on evaluating the knowledge and skills of future teachers in emergency situations, specifically in cases that require First Aid and cardiorespiratory arrest (CPA) in the school environment. Objectives: the main objective of this work has been the following: Analyze what future Physical Education teachers know and what they know how to do after finishing their Degree in Primary Education studies, in the face of common problems and accidents that occur in Early Childhood Education Centers. and Primary (CEIP). Method: The design of diagnostic or exploratory research. The participants were 57 students of the total of 59 enrolled in the 2016-2017 academic year (the two who self-excluded were for reasons unrelated to the research). Results: The findings of questionnaire 2 (Tú puedes ayudar) were these: 1. The response “does not answer, or inadequate response” has been the one with the highest prevalence in the seven items of this questionnaire (except in item 2 “Do you know what the phone number we should call when there is an emergency?”); 2. There is no agreement between the seven items of this questionnaire; 3- There is no statistically significant bivariate correlation between the seven items. On the other hand, the results of questionnaire 3 (ten problematic cases) were as follows: 1- The questionnaires of the ten problematic cases provided content validity; 2- The agreements between the diagnosis and action 1 were insufficient in 9 cases (Carlos, Paula, Pepe, Marta, Nieves, Isabel, Lola, Victoria and Antonio) and weak in the Valentín case; 3- There are no statistically significant differences between action 1 and action 2 in 9 cases (Carlos, Paula, Pepe, Marta, Valentín, Nieves, Isabel and Antonio), and statistically significant differences do appear for one case (Lola). Regarding the global findings of questionnaire 3, it is indicated that: 1- The assessment of the diagnostic variable, 14 points, has been the most achieved by the students (12 of 57 participants); 2- In action 1, the score with the largest number of students (13 participants) was 10 points; 3- Action 2 has achieved a total of 15 participants with a score of 8 points; 4- Finally, in the global assessment, 32 points was the assessment with the most students (6 participants). Regarding the level of agreement (concordance) between each situation (diagnosis, action 1 and action 2) it has been non-existent, and the conditional probability indicates that the majority of the evaluations are at 2 (responds appropriately) for the variable diagnosis and in 1 (responds adequately but incompletely) for action 1 and 2. Regarding the global correlations (among the ten cases), it should be noted that statistically significant differences appear in: 1- For diagnosis it does not appear; 2- For action 1 they appear in four cases; and 3- For action 2 in six. Regarding the relationships of the total sum of the three variables (diagnosis, action 1 and action 2), diagn_total vs action 2_total does not present statistically significant differences, and for the relationship between the global findings of questionnaire 2 vs 3 we found statistically significant differences. Finally, the comparison between the different percentages of the three variables of questionnaire 3 (diagnosis, action 1 and action 2) overall indicates statistically significant differences. Conclusions: 1- Future Primary Education teachers with a Major in Physical Education do not have adequate knowledge to attend to first aid and PCR; 2- It is necessary to improve the training of teachers in first aid and CPR; 3- Appropriate training programs must be developed for different educational levels; 4- The instrument for collecting information for the ten cases of questionnaire 3 is valid; 5- There is a dependency relationship between the total percentages of questionnaire 2 with those of questionnaire