Estudio de la funcionalidad a través del entrenamiento de core y pliometría

Abstract

Human performance is a complex concept that encompasses various physiological, cognitive, and emotional factors. It is can be defined as the successful execution of a specific task within an available performance capacity that meets or exceeds the demands of the mission. The Royal Spanish Academy defines physical performance as the body's ability to carry out physical activities efficiently. Furthermore, human functionality is the ability of the body to perform functions under specific conditions. Thus, the core area of the body, known as the core, is particularly important for physical performance. The core provides the stable and strong base upon which body movements develop. A strong and well-trained core improves posture, balance, coordination, and strength, which in turn leads to more efficient movement and a reduced risk of injury. Core training and plyometrics are two different types of training that aim to improve the functionality of the human body. Core training focuses on strengthening and stabilizing the core muscles, while plyometrics is based on high-speed exercises that stimulate fast-twitch muscle fibers using the stretch-shortening cycle. This doctoral thesis titled "Study of Functionality Through Core Training and Plyometrics" explores the combination of these two training methods to improve functionality and athletic performance. It presents five studies that explore different aspects of core training and plyometrics in relation to functionality. The studies are divided into two main areas: 1. Core Training and Its Effects (Studies 1 and 2): Study 1: This study conducted a review and meta-analysis of the effects of core training on dynamic balance stability. The study found that core training significantly improved dynamic balance stability. Study 2: This study conducted a review and meta-analysis of the effects of core training on core muscle endurance. The study found that core training significantly improved trunk muscles endurance. 2. Optimization of Plyometric Training for Athletic Performance (Studies 3, 4, and 5): Study 3: This study used a systematic scoping review to examine the optimization of plyometric exercises to maximize performance. The study found that plyometric exercises should be varied in terms of movement patterns, intensity, and volume to maximize performance. Study 4: This study conducted a review and meta-analysis of the effects of plyometric training on running economy. The study found that plyometric training significantly improved running economy. Running economy is a determining factor in the performance of long-distance runners, such as marathoners. A strong core and optimized plyometric training can contribute to greater running efficiency, which translates into better performance and reduced fatigue. Study 5: This study used a scientific evidence map to evaluate the moderating variables of rope jumping that affect both performance and health adaptations. The study found that rope jumping can be an effective tool for improving both performance and health, but that the optimal training program will vary depending on individual goals and needs. The five studies presented in this doctoral thesis provide strong evidence that core training and plyometrics are effective methods for improving functionality and athletic performance. In addition, practical recommendations are also offered for the implementation of these training methods in different contexts