Threat cues and attentional bias in blood-injection-injury phobia and snake phobia

  1. Sánchez-Navarro, Juan Pedro 34
  2. Martínez-Selva, José M. 34
  3. Kosonogov, Vladimir 1
  4. Carrillo-Verdejo, Eduvigis 34
  5. Pineda Murcia, Sara 2
  6. Torrente Hernández, Ginesa 34
  1. 1 HSE University, Moscow (Russia)
  2. 2 Hospital Comarcal del Noroeste, Murcia (Spain)
  3. 3 Universidad de Murcia
    info

    Universidad de Murcia

    Murcia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03p3aeb86

  4. 4 IMIB, Murcia Institute of Biomedical Research (Spain)
Journal:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728 1695-2294

Year of publication: 2021

Issue Title: Cerebro y conducta: un enfoque neurocientífico/psicofisiológico

Volume: 37

Issue: 3

Pages: 459-467

Type: Article

DOI: 10.6018/ANALESPS.484051 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

More publications in: Anales de psicología

Sustainable development goals

Abstract

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar el efecto de una señal que indica la aparición de una imagen fóbica sobre la actividad electrocortical provocada por el estímulo relevante para el trastorno en la fobia a la sangre por lesión en inyección (BII) y la fobia a las serpientes. Una muestra de 13 participantes con fobia BII, 12 individuos con fobia a las serpientes y 14 controles no fóbicos se sometieron a una tarea S1-S2, donde S1 era una palabra que describía el contenido de una imagen posterior (relacionada con la sangre, serpiente y neutral) que apareció 2 segundos después (S2). Obtuvimos las amplitudes ERP P200 y P300 provocadas por las imágenes. Nuestros resultados revelan que P200 no diferenciaba entre el contenido de las imágenes en la fobia BII mientras que, por el contrario, las imágenes relacionadas con la serpiente y la sangre provocaron las respuestas más grandes en los participantes con fobia a las serpientes. Tanto las imágenes relacionadas con la sangre como las de serpientes provocaron amplitudes de P300 mayores que las imágenes neutrales en todos los grupos. Las señales de amenaza redujeron la reacción electrocortical del BII, posiblemente por la provocación de respuestas anticipatorias o reguladoras. Estos resultados son indicativos de una baja atención automática exógena hacia los estímulos temidos en la fobia BII, como lo revela P200, probablemente relacionado con una falta de sesgo de atención al objeto fóbico.

Funding information

This research was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Econom?a y Competitividad, Grants PSI2012-34441 and PSI2015-66769-P (MINECO/FEDER).

Bibliographic References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Amrhein, C., Mühlberger, A., Pauli, P., & Wiedemann, G. (2004). Modulation of event-related brain potentials during affective picture processing: a complement to startle reflex and skin conductance response? International Journal of Psychology, 543, 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.05.009
  • Ayala, E. S., Meuret, A. E., & Ritz, T. (2010). Confrontation with blood and disgust stimuli precipitates respiratory dysregulation in blood–injection–injury phobia. Biological Psychology, 84, 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.02.004
  • Azevedo, T. M., Volchan, E., Imbiriba, L. A., Rodrigues, E. C., Oliveira, J. M., Oliveira, L. F., ...Vargas, C. D. (2005). A freezing-like posture to pictures mutilation. Psychophysiology, 42, 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00287.x
  • Bagiella, E., Sloan, R. P., & Heitjan, D. F. (2000). Mixed-effects models in Psychophysiology. Psychophysiology, 37, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3710013
  • Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation I: defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 276-298. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.276
  • Bradley, M. M., Hamby, S., Löw, A., & Lang, P. J. (2007). Brain potentials in perception: picture complexity and emotional arousal. Psychophysiology, 44, 364-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00520.x
  • Bradley, M. M., Sabatinelli, D., Lang, P. J., Fitzsimmons, J. R., King, W., & Desai, P. (2003). Activation of the visual cortex in motivated attention. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 369-380. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.117.2.369
  • Bublatzky, F., & Schupp, H. T. (2012). Pictures cueing threat: brain dynamics in viewing explicitly instructed danger cues. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 611-622. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsr032
  • Buodo, G., Sarlo, M., Codispoti, M., & Palomba, D. (2006). Event-related potentials and visual avoidance in blood phobics: is there any attentional bias? Depression and Anxiety, 23, 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20172
  • Buodo, G., Peyk, P., Junghöfer, M., Palomba, D., & Rockstroh, B. (2007). Electromagnetic indication of hypervigilant responses to emotional stimuli in blood-injection-injury fear. Neuroscience Letters, 424, 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2007.07.024
  • Buodo, G., Sarlo, M., & Munafò, M. (2010). The neural correlates of attentional bias in blood phobia as revealed by the N2pc. Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience, 5, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp050
  • Cano, M. E., Class, Q. A., & Polich, J. (2009). Affective valence, stimulus attributes, and P300: color vs. black/white and normal vs. scrambled images. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 7, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.016
  • Carretié, L. (2014). Exogenous (automatic) attention to emotional stimuli: a review. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, 1228-1258. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-014-0270-2
  • Carretié, L., Hinojosa, J. A., Martíne-Loeches, M., Mercado, F., & Tapia, M. (2004). Automatic attention to emotional stimuli: neural correlates. Human Brain Mapping, 22, 290-299. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20037
  • Carretié, L., Mercado, F., Tapia, M., & Hinojosa, J. A. (2001). Emotion, attention, and the ‘negativity bias’, studied through event-related potentials. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 41, 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(00)00195-1
  • Caseras, X., Mataix-Cols., D., Trasovares, M. V., López-Solà, M., Ortiz, H., Pujol, J., … Torrubia, R. (2010). Dynamics of brain responses to phobic-related stimulation in specific phobia subtypes. European Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 1414-1422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07424.x
  • Chang, C.-Y., Hsu, S.-H., Pion-Tonachini, L., & Jung, T.-P. (2018). Evaluation of artifact subspace reconstruction for automatic EEG artifact removal. Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1242–1245. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512547
  • Codispoti, M., Gerra, G., Montebarocci, O., Zaimovic, A., Raggi, M. A., & Baldaro, B. (2003). Emotional perception and neuroendocrine changes. Psychophysiology, 40, 863-868. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.00104
  • Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004). EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 134, 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009
  • Delplanque, S., Lavoie, M. E., Hot, P., Silvert, L., & Sequeira, H. (2004). Modulation of cognitive processing by emotional valence studied through event-related potentials in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 356, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.014
  • Ferrari, V., Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., & Lang, P. J. (2010). Detecting novelty and significance. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 404-411. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21244
  • Gratton, G., Coles, M. G., & Donchin, E. (1983). A new method for off-line removal of ocular artefact. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 55, 468-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(83)90135-9
  • Hajcak, G., Weinberg, A., MacNamara, A., & Foti, D. (2012). ERPs and the study of emotion. In E. S. Kappenman & S. J. Luck (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of event-related potential components (pp. 441-472). Oxford University Press.
  • Klorman, R., Hastings, J., Weerts, T., Melamed, B., & Lang, P. J. (1974). Psychometric description of some fear-specific questionnaires. Behavior Therapy, 5, 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(74)80008-0
  • Kolassa, I. T., Musial, F., Mohr, A., Trippe, R. H., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2005). Electrophysiological correlates of threat processing in spider phobics. Psychophysiology, 42, 520-530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00315.x
  • Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, N. N. (2008). International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical Report A-8. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
  • Leutgeb, V., Schäfer, A., & Schienle, A. (2009). An event-related potential study on exposure therapy for patients suffering from spider phobia. Biological Psychology, 82, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.09.003
  • Leutgeb, V., Schäfer, A., & Schienle, A. (2011). Late cortical positivity and cardiac responsivity in female dental phobics when exposed to phobia-relevant pictures. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 79, 410-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipsycho.2011.01.003
  • Leutgeb, V., Schwab, D., Scharmüller, W., Höfler, C., & Schienle, A. (2018). Is this blood? An ERP study on the visual identification of red fluids in patients with blood phobia. Brain Research, 1678, 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braires.2017.10.029
  • Lopez-Calderon, J., & Luck, S. J. (2014). ERPLAB: An open-source toolbox for the analysis of event-related potentials. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 213. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00213
  • MacLeod, C., and Mathews, A. (2012). Cognitive bias modification approaches to anxiety. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 189-217. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052
  • Michalowski, J. M., Melzig, C. A., Weike, A. I., Stockburger, J., Scupp, H. T., & Hamm. A. O. (2009). Brain dynamics in spider-phobic individuals exposed to phobia-relevant and other emotional stimuli. Emotion, 9, 306-315. Https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015550
  • Michalowski, J. M., Pané-Farré, C. A., Löw, A., & Hamm, A. O. (2015). Brain dynamics of visual attention during anticipation and encoding of threat- and safe-cues in spider-phobic individuals. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10, 1177-1186. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv002
  • Miltner, W. H. R., Trippe, R. H., Krieschel, S., Gutberlet, I., Hecht, H., & Weiss, T. (2005) Event-related brain potentials and affective responses to threat in spider/snake-phobic and non-phobic subjects. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 57, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.012
  • Olofsson, J. K. & Polich, J. (2007). Affective visual event-related potentials: arousal, repetition, and time-on-task. Biological Psychology, 75, 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.12.006
  • Olofsson, J. K., Nordin, S., Sequeira, H., & Polich, J. (2008). Affective picture processing: an integrative review of ERP findings. Biological Psychology, 77, 247-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.11.006
  • Palomba, D., Angrilli, A., & Mini, A. (1997). Visual evoked potentials, heart rate responses and memory to emotional pictorial stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 27, 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(97)00751-4
  • Sánchez-Navarro, J. P., Maldonado, E. F., Martínez-Selva, J. M., Enguix, A., & Ortiz, C. (2012a). Salivary alpha-amylase changes promoted by sustained exposure to affective pictures. Psychophysiology, 49, 1601-1609. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01475.x
  • Sánchez-Navarro, J. P., Martínez-Selva, J. M., Maldonado, E. F., Carrillo-Verdejo, E., Pineda, S., & Torrente, G. (2018). Autonomic reactivity in blood-injection-injury and snake phobia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 115, 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.10.018
  • Sánchez-Navarro, J. P., Martínez-Selva, J. M., & Román, F. (2006). Uncovering the relationship between defence and orienting in emotion: cardiac reactivity to unpleasant pictures. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61, 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.023
  • Sánchez-Navarro, J. P., Martínez-Selva, J. M., Torrente, G., Pineda, S., Murcia-Liarte, J. B., & Carrillo-Verdejo, E. (2012b). Preattentive processing of feared stimuli in blood-injection-injury fearful subjects. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 84, 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.016
  • Sarlo, M., Buodo, G., Devigili, A., Munafò, M., & Palomba, D. (2011). Emotional sensitization highlights the attentional bias in blood-injection-injury phobics: an ERP study. Neuroscience Letters, 490, 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.12.016
  • Sarlo, M., Buodo, G., Poli, S., & Palomba, D. (2005). Changes in EEG alpha power to different disgust elicitors: the specificity of mutilations. Neuroscience Letters, 382, 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.037
  • Scharmüller, W., Leutgeb, V., Schäfer, A., Köchel, A., & Schienle, A. (2011). Source localization of late electrocortical positivity during symptom provocation in spider phobia: An sLORETA study. Brain Research, 1397, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.04.018
  • Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., & Naumann, E. (2008). Event-related brain potentials of spider phobics to disorder-relevant, generally disgust- and fear-inducing pictures. Journal of Psychophysiology, 22, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.22.1.5
  • Schupp, H. T., Cuthbert, B. N., Bradley, M. M., Cacioppo, J. T., Ito, T., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Affective picture processing: the late positive potentialis modulated by motivational relevance. Psychophysiology, 37, 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3720257
  • Schupp, H. T., Junghöffer, M., Weike, A. I., & Hamm, A. O. (2004). The selective processing of briefly presented affective pictures: an ERP analysis. Psychophysiology, 41, 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00174.x
  • Thayer, J. F., & Brosschot, J. F. (2005). Psychosomatics and psychopathology: looking up and down from the brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 1050-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.014
  • Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, 201-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00338-4